Children with hearing loss can predict during sentence processing

Holt, Rebecca; Bruggeman, Laurence; Demuth, Katherine

doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104684

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This finding suggests that like the children with NH, the children with HAs and children with CIs showed spreading semantic activation from the target word as they were hearing it, causing activation of semantically related words. This finding is consistent with recent work showing that children with HAs and children with CIs use semantic information to facilitate spoken word recognition (Walker et al 2019a; Blomquist et al 2021; Holt et al 2021; Simeon & Grieco-Calub 2021).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Delayed Lexical Access and Cascading Effects on Spreading Semantic Activation During Spoken Word Recognition in Children With Hearing Aids and Cochlear Implants: Evidence From Eye-Tracking

2022

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Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize the dynamics of real-time lexical access, including lexical competition among phonologically similar words, and spreading semantic activation in school-age children with hearing aids (HAs) and children with cochlear implants (CIs). We hypothesized that developing spoken language via degraded auditory input would lead children with HAs or CIs to adapt their approach to spoken word recognition, especially by slowing down lexical access. Design: Participants were children ages 9- to 12-years old with normal hearing (NH), HAs, or CIs. Participants completed a Visual World Paradigm task in which they heard a spoken word and selected the matching picture from four options. Competitor items were either phonologically similar, semantically similar, or unrelated to the target word. As the target word unfolded, children’s fixations to the target word, cohort competitor, rhyme competitor, semantically related item, and unrelated item were recorded as indices of ongoing lexical access and spreading semantic activation. Results: Children with HAs and children with CIs showed slower fixations to the target, reduced fixations to the cohort competitor, and increased fixations to the rhyme competitor, relative to children with NH. This wait-and-see profile was more pronounced in the children with CIs than the children with HAs. Children with HAs and children with CIs also showed delayed fixations to the semantically related item, although this delay was attributable to their delay in activating words in general, not to a distinct semantic source. Conclusions: Children with HAs and children with CIs showed qualitatively similar patterns of real-time spoken word recognition. Findings suggest that developing spoken language via degraded auditory input causes long-term cognitive adaptations to how listeners recognize spoken words, regardless of the type of hearing device used. Delayed lexical access directly led to delays in spreading semantic activation in children with HAs and CIs. This delay in semantic processing may impact these children’s ability to understand connected speech in everyday life.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Delayed Lexical Access and Cascading Effects on Spreading Semantic Activation During Spoken Word Recognition in Children With Hearing Aids and Cochlear Implants: Evidence From Eye-Tracking

2022

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“…This finding suggests that like the children with NH, the children with HAs and children with CIs activated the semantics of the target word as they were hearing it. This finding is consistent with recent work showing that children with HAs and children with CIs use semantic information to facilitate spoken word recognition (Blomquist et al, 2021;Holt et al, 2021;Simeon & Grieco-Calub, 2021;Walker, Kessler, et al, 2019).…”

Section: Effects Of Hl On Real-time Semantic Activationsupporting

confidence: 92%

Delayed lexical access and cascading effects on semantic activation during spoken word recognition in children with hearing aids and cochlear implants: Evidence from eye-tracking

Klein¹,

Walker²,

McMurray³

2021

Preprint

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Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize the dynamics of real-time lexical access, including lexical competition among phonologically similar words, and semantic activation in school-age children with hearing aids (HAs) and children with cochlear implants (CIs). We hypothesized that developing spoken language via degraded auditory input would lead children with HAs or CIs to adapt their approach to spoken word recognition, especially by slowing down lexical access.Design: Participants were children ages 9-12 years old with normal hearing (NH), HAs, or CIs. Participants completed a Visual World Paradigm task in which they heard a spoken word and selected the matching picture from four options. Competitor items were either phonologically similar, semantically similar, or unrelated to the target word. As the target word unfolded, children’s fixations to the target word, cohort competitor, rhyme competitor, semantically related item, and unrelated item were recorded as indices of ongoing lexical and semantic activation.Results: Children with HAs and children with CIs showed slower fixations to the target, reduced fixations to the cohort, and increased fixations to the rhyme, relative to children with NH. This wait-and-see profile was more pronounced in the children with CIs than the children with HAs. Children with HAs and children with CIs also showed delayed fixations to the semantically related item, though this delay was attributable to their delay in activating words in general, not to a distinct semantic source.Conclusions: Children with HAs and children with CIs showed qualitatively similar patterns of real-time spoken word recognition. Findings suggest that developing spoken language via degraded auditory input causes long-term cognitive adaptations to how listeners recognize spoken words, regardless of the type of hearing device used. Delayed lexical activation directly led to delayed semantic activation in children with HAs and CIs. This delay in semantic processing may impact these children’s ability to understand connected speech in everyday life.

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“…This may indicate that CI-using children become more adept with the use of a CI such that there is an increased reliance upon contextualisation to process to word forms. Recent behavioural evidence from Holt et al (2021) supports the idea that school-aged children with hearing loss who make use of hearing aids or CI can use context to predict the end of sentences as quickly and accurately as hearing controls (Holt et al, 2021). This dependence upon context may include both reliance on audio-visual cues to comprehend word primes but also reliance on semantic integration to confirm initial processing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Semantic word integration in children with cochlear implants: electrophysiological evidence

Pierotti

Coffey‐Corina

Schaefer

et al. 2021

Language, Cognition and Neuroscience

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Differential auditory experiences of children with hearing-loss who receive cochlear implants (CIs) may influence the integration of lexical and conceptual information. Here we measured eventrelated potentials during a word-picture priming task in CI-using children (n = 29, mean age = 81 months) and typically-hearing children (n = 19, mean age = 75 months) while they viewed audiovisual-word primes and picture targets that were semantically congruent or incongruent. In both groups, semantic relatedness modulated ERP amplitude 300-500 ms after picture onset, signifying an N400 semantic effect. Critically, the CI-using children's responses to unrelated pairs were significantly more negative than hearing children's responses. Group differences were mirrored in an earlier 150-275 ms time window associated with a P2 response. The present findings suggest attentional and/or strategic differences impact semantic processing and contribute to the N400 differences observed between groups.

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Children with hearing loss can predict during sentence processing

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

Delayed Lexical Access and Cascading Effects on Spreading Semantic Activation During Spoken Word Recognition in Children With Hearing Aids and Cochlear Implants: Evidence From Eye-Tracking

Delayed Lexical Access and Cascading Effects on Spreading Semantic Activation During Spoken Word Recognition in Children With Hearing Aids and Cochlear Implants: Evidence From Eye-Tracking

Delayed lexical access and cascading effects on semantic activation during spoken word recognition in children with hearing aids and cochlear implants: Evidence from eye-tracking

Semantic word integration in children with cochlear implants: electrophysiological evidence

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