Children with lower respiratory tract infections and serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> levels: A case–control study

Lopez, Angel Alfonso Velarde; Gerber, Jeffrey S.; Leonard, Mary B.; Xie, Dawei; Schinnar, Rita; Strom, Brian L.

doi:10.1002/ppul.23439

“…The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in young children hospitalized with pneumonia in low-middle income countries (LMICs) has been reported to be between 12% to 63% [ 5 , 27 , 28 ], compared with 9.7% to 30% in high income countries [ 18 , 19 , 29 ]. Our finding of 19% is similar to that reported in children from Nepal hospitalized with WHO-defined pneumonia (12% of 568 children studied), with comparable demographic profiles but a higher proportion of participants with danger signs or hypoxemia than in our study [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D deficiency and severity of pneumonia in Indonesian children

Oktaria

¹

,

Triasih

²

,

Graham

³

et al. 2021

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Objective To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Indonesian children hospitalized with pneumonia and evaluate the association between vitamin D status and severity of pneumonia. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2016 to July 2017 in two district hospitals in Yogyakarta province, Indonesia. Infants and young children aged 2–59 months hospitalized with pneumonia were recruited. Serum blood samples were collected on admission and analyzed for total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 concentrations using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a level of serum vitamin D <50 nmol/L. The association between vitamin D deficiency and severity of hospitalized pneumonia according to WHO criteria, including the presence of danger signs, hypoxemia (SpO2 in air below 90%), duration of hospitalization, and admission to Intensive Care Unit (ICU), was analyzed using logistic regression. Results 133 children with WHO-defined pneumonia were enrolled in the study and 127 (96%) had their vitamin D status determined. The mean vitamin D concentration was 67 (± 24 SD) nmol/L and 19% of participants were vitamin D deficient. Age younger than 6 months was associated with prolonged hospitalization (> 5 days) and low birth weight and poor nutritional status on admission were risk factors for hypoxemia. However, vitamin D status was not associated with the presence of danger signs, duration of hospitalization, or hypoxemia. Conclusions One in every five children hospitalized with pneumonia was vitamin D deficient. Vitamin D status was not associated with the severity of pneumonia.

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“…Regarding the molecular structure, 25-OH-D3 is the addition of a hydroxyl group to the 25-position carbon atom of vitamin D3 [ 22 – 24 ]. However, this addition occurs in the body through a series of biochemical reactions, through the 25-hydroxylase hydroxylation in the mitochondria of liver cells, which then forms 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [ 25 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exclusion criteria were as follows: patients with other systemic diseases or serious infectious diseases, patients with incomplete clinical data and information, patients who had recently taken glucocorticoids and other drugs for treatment, and patients undergoing hemodialysis or kidney transplantation were excluded from the study. Regarding the molecular structure, 25-OH-D3 is the addition of a hydroxyl group to the 25-position carbon atom of vitamin D3 [22][23][24]. However, this addition occurs in the body through a series of biochemical reactions, through the 25-hydroxylase hydroxylation in the mitochondria of liver cells, which then forms 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Acute Respiratory Tract Infection and the Serum 25(OH) D3 Level in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients and Its Prevention and Treatment

Cai

¹

,

Wang

²

,

Zhong

³

et al. 2022

BioMed Research International

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Observational studies and randomized controlled studies propose that vitamin D plays a significant role in preventing acute respiratory tract infection (RTI); however, results are inconsistent and the optimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D3) concentration remains unknown. This study explores the risk factors associated with acute RTI in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and analyzes its correlation with serum 25-OH-D3 levels, to provide appropriate preventive treatment measures for CKD patients complicated with acute RTI. Seventy cases of CKD patients treated in the department of nephrology of Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital are recruited as the research objects and divided into a control group (CKD without RTI) and an observation group (CKD with RTI), with 35 cases in each group. The laboratory indexes and serum 25-OH-D3 levels are compared between the two groups. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of 25-OH-D3 in the diagnosis of CKD patients complicated with RTI is 0.892, and the standard error is 0.038. The glomerular filtration rates (GFR) are 48.32 ± 9.87 mL / min and 50.18 ± 20.71 mL / min in the control group and the experimental group, respectively, with no statistical significance between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ). The serum 25-OH-D3 content in the control group ( 35.08 ± 6.2 nmol / L ) is dramatically higher than that in the observation group ( 20.71 ± 5.87 nmol / L ) ( P < 0.05 ). The proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in the control group and observation group is 25.71% and 68.57%, respectively, with a considerable difference ( P < 0.05 ). In the control group and the experimental group, the proportion of patients with oral vitamin D receptor agonists is 54.29% and 11.43%, respectively, and the difference is significant ( P < 0.05 ). Results show that the serum 25-OH-D3 level is highly correlated with the occurrence of RTI in CKD patients. In addition, it is related to patients’ age, DM, and vitamin D receptor agonists.

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“…In the study of Li et al 21 with 1582 children, the group with community-acquired pneumonia was compared with the control group, and the low 25(OH)-D vitamin level was found to be lower in the group with community-acquired pneumonia. In addition, in a case–control study conducted by Velarde López et al 22 25(OH)-D vitamin deficiency was found to be significantly low in children with lower respiratory tract infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Association Between Vitamin D Levels and COVID-19 Infection in Children: A Case-Control Study

Bayrak

¹

,

Kandemir

²

,

Bolat

³

et al. 2023

Turk Arch Pediatr

1

0

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Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is seen in all age groups, and its symptoms are very variable. The course of the disease can be asymptomatic or mortal. In pediatric patients, vitamin D is thought to be protective against (COVID-19) with its immunomodulator, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and epithelial integrity properties. Our aim is to investigate the relationship between (COVID-19) infection and vitamin D level. Materials and Methods: We included (COVID-19) patients between 1 month and 18 years of age and healthy control groups. We compared epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings in patients. Results: One hundred forty-nine patients were evaluated in our study. Seventy-three (49%) of them were (COVID-19)-positive patients and 76 (51%) of them were healthy control group. The mean 25(OH)-D vitamin level was 15.80 ng/mL (5‐41.56) in (COVID-19) patients and 21.51 ng/mL (5-69.80) in the control group. Vitamin D level was shown to be statistically significantly lower in coronavirus disease 2019 patients ( P < .001). It was observed that myalgia was more common in patients with low 25(OH)-D levels ( P < .048). Conclusion: Our study is one of the rare studies examining the relationship between (COVID-19) and 25(OH)-D vitamins in the pediatric age group. Children with (COVID-19) have a lower 25(OH)-D vitamin level than the control group.

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Children with lower respiratory tract infections and serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D₃ levels: A case–control study

Abstract: Children with lower respiratory tract infections in Guatemala had low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:1080-1087. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Vitamin D deficiency and severity of pneumonia in Indonesian children

Vitamin D deficiency and severity of pneumonia in Indonesian children

Relationship between Acute Respiratory Tract Infection and the Serum 25(OH) D3 Level in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients and Its Prevention and Treatment

Association Between Vitamin D Levels and COVID-19 Infection in Children: A Case-Control Study

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Children with lower respiratory tract infections and serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 levels: A case–control study

Abstract: Children with lower respiratory tract infections in Guatemala had low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:1080-1087. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Vitamin D deficiency and severity of pneumonia in Indonesian children

Vitamin D deficiency and severity of pneumonia in Indonesian children

Relationship between Acute Respiratory Tract Infection and the Serum 25(OH) D3 Level in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients and Its Prevention and Treatment

Association Between Vitamin D Levels and COVID-19 Infection in Children: A Case-Control Study

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Product

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Children with lower respiratory tract infections and serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D₃ levels: A case–control study