Children With Superior Intelligence at 7 Years of Age

Fisch, Robert O.; Bilek, Mary K.; Horrobin, J. Margaret; Chang, Pi-Nian

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1976.02120060027006

Cited by 39 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4] Similar associations have been found in adults. 5,6 Maximal brain volume is usually achieved between the ages of 5 and 10 years, 7 but rates of brain growth are highest in the last part of gestation and the first 1 year of life.…”

mentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Our findings, derived by distinguishing the effects of brain growth during different periods of development, suggest that these associations between head circumference and intelligence in later childhood owe more to the influence of brain growth during infancy than they do to growth after infancy; the findings fit with observations in a cohort of 2023 children that those with IQ scores in the superior range (scores of Ն120) at the age of 7 years had larger head circumferences at 1 year of age than did children whose IQ scores were average (scores of 80 -119). 2 In a recent study, higher IQ scores at the age of 9 years were associated with increased head growth both in the first 9 months of life and between 9 months and 9 years of age, regardless of head size at the start of these periods, but detailed information on growth after 9 months of age was not available. 1 Results from some small studies of very low birth weight infants have indicated that the critical period for catch-up brain growth, in terms of later intelligence, may be confined to the first 1 year of life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The Influence of Head Growth in Fetal Life, Infancy, and Childhood on Intelligence at the Ages of 4 and 8 Years

O'Callaghan²,

et al. 2006

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confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Influence of Head Growth in Fetal Life, Infancy, and Childhood on Intelligence at the Ages of 4 and 8 Years

O'Callaghan²,

et al. 2006

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“…Normal variation in head circumference seems to be associated with cognitive and behavioral development 8-10 . Larger head circumference in infancy is associated with higher IQ scores in childhood 10-12 . The underlying mechanisms however, are poorly understood.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 98%

Common variants at 12q15 and 12q24 are associated with infant head circumference

Taal¹,

Pourcain²,

Thiering³

et al. 2012

Nat Genet

130

117

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To identify genetic variants associated with head circumference in infancy, we performed a meta-analysis of seven genome-wide association (GWA) studies (N=10,768 from European ancestry enrolled in pregnancy/birth cohorts) and followed up three lead signals in six replication studies (combined N=19,089). Rs7980687 on chromosome 12q24 (P=8.1×10−9), and rs1042725 on chromosome 12q15 (P=2.8×10−10) were robustly associated with head circumference in infancy. Although these loci have previously been associated with adult height1, their effects on infant head circumference were largely independent of height (P=3.8×10−7 for rs7980687, P=1.3×10−7 for rs1042725 after adjustment for infant height). A third signal, rs11655470 on chromosome 17q21, showed suggestive evidence of association with head circumference (P=3.9×10−6). SNPs correlated to the 17q21 signal show genome-wide association with adult intra cranial volume2, Parkinson’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases3-5, indicating that a common genetic variant in this region might link early brain growth with neurological disease in later life.

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“…Other research has reported that lower IQ is correlated with smaller head circumference [30-32]. In order to examine this relation, we entered head circumference into our final regression models with the composite score and the area scores as our outcome variables (Table 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The larger the brain, the higher the test scores [32, 42-44]. Two additional studies have shown that the brain volume achieved by age 1 predicts intelligence in later childhood [31, 45]. Shaw et al [38] demonstrated that the thickness of the cerebral cortex is correlated with intelligence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Size and Intelligence in 6-year-olds: Are Offspring of Teenage Mothers at Risk?

Cornelius

Goldschmidt

Willford

et al. 2008

Matern Child Health J

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Objectives-Children born to teenage mothers are at risk for more physical and cognitive problems than those born to adult mothers. Our objective was to examine differences in size and intelligence between two cohorts of offspring born to adolescent (n = 357) and adult mothers (n = 668) who attended the same prenatal clinic.Methods-Two prospective study cohorts were assessed children from gestation through age 6 years. The adult cohort was studied in the mid-1980's and the teen cohort was evaluated in the mid-1990's. Both samples were of low socio-economic status. The same study design and measures allowed us to adjust for the covariates of size and IQ.Results-Offspring of adolescent mothers had a significantly smaller mean head circumference (5 mm) (HC) and higher body mass index (BMI) than offspring of adult mothers. Offspring of adolescent mothers scored significantly lower than the offspring of adult mothers on the StanfordBinet (SBIS) composite score (4 points), and the quantitative (6.2 points), verbal reasoning (4.8 points), and short-term memory (3.9 points) area scores. Additional predictors of child IQ were maternal IQ, home environment, race, and number of siblings. When child HC was entered into our final regression model for the SBIS, maternal age and HC significantly predicted the composite score, the verbal reasoning, and short-term memory area scores. A 1 cm decrease in HC predicted a 1 point decrease in the SBIS composite score.Conclusions-Compared to offspring of adult women, children of adolescent mothers have lower mean scores on cognitive measures, smaller head circumference, and higher BMI. These differences were significant after adjusting for differences between the two groups. Adolescent mothers and their children would benefit from interventions such as parenting support, education about nutritional needs, and advice on enriching the environments of their children. Keywords children; teenage mothers; cognitive development; growth; IQ; BMI Children of adolescent mothers may be at greater risk than children of older mothers for poorer growth outcomes [1][2][3][4][5]. In a national longitudinal study of maternal age and neonatal risk status [6], young maternal age predicted lower birthweight and shorter gestational age after controlling for maternal health and sociodemographic status. Less is known about child growth outcomes among older children of adolescent mothers In addition to growth, children of adolescent mothers may be at risk of cognitive deficits [7][8][9]. Intellectual, language, and socio-emotional delays have been reported [10] as well as lower academic achievement [11]. These differences are found even after accounting for social and economic disadvantage [8,9]. Dahinten and colleagues [12] found that children of teen mothers had lower math test scores adjusting for maternal depression, nurturing, and rejecting parenting behaviors. Other studies, however, suggest that the association between maternal age and cognitive status is explained by socio-economic status or fa...

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Children With Superior Intelligence at 7 Years of Age

Cited by 39 publications

References 20 publications

The Influence of Head Growth in Fetal Life, Infancy, and Childhood on Intelligence at the Ages of 4 and 8 Years

The Influence of Head Growth in Fetal Life, Infancy, and Childhood on Intelligence at the Ages of 4 and 8 Years

Common variants at 12q15 and 12q24 are associated with infant head circumference

Body Size and Intelligence in 6-year-olds: Are Offspring of Teenage Mothers at Risk?

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