Chimeric antigen receptor‑natural killer cells: novel insight into immunotherapy for solid tumors (Review)

Peng, Xiaobo; Chen, Ling; Chen, Longpei; Wang, Bin; Zhan, Xi

doi:10.3892/etm.2021.9771

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…All patients were administered CAR‐NK along with CAR targeting MUC1 antigens whose expression was tested and determined via immunohistochemistry assay within the tumor tissues. Furthermore, all the subjects enrolled were with either pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer, non‐small cell lung cancer, or liver cancer without any conspicuous side effects, thus showing that the treatment trial was quite impervious and tolerable 92 . Recent clinical trials to treat solid tumors based on CAR‐NK therapeutics have been summarized in Table 4, which also illustrates the target proteins to halt the prevalence of any type of cancerous cells or tumors.…”

Section: Current Clinical Status Of Car Nk Treatment Against Solid Tu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking down barriers: The potential of smarter CAR‐engineered NK cells against solid tumors

Khawar,

Gao,

Rafiq

et al. 2023

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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Natural killer (NK) cells are considered to be the foremost fighters of our innate immune system against foreign invaders and thus tend to promptly latch onto the virus‐infected and tumor/cancerous cells, killing them through phagocytosis. At present, the application of genetically engineered Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) receptors ensures a guaranteed optimistic response with NK cells and would not allow the affected cells to dodge or escape unchecked. Hence the specificity and uniqueness of CAR‐NK cells over CAR‐T therapy make them a better immunotherapeutic choice to reduce the load of trafficking of numerous tumor cells near the healthy cell populations in a more intact way than offered by CAR‐T immunotherapy. Our review mainly focuses on the preclinical, clinical, and recent advances in clinical research trials and further strategies to achieve an augmented and efficient cure against solid tumors.

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Section: Current Clinical Status Of Car Nk Treatment Against Solid Tu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking down barriers: The potential of smarter CAR‐engineered NK cells against solid tumors

Khawar,

Gao,

Rafiq

et al. 2023

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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show abstract

“…Multiple other approaches are ongoing to restore NK cell activity and reach long-lasting effects. These include the blockade of inhibitory receptors, blocking soluble activating receptors, combinational therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors ( 130 ) and genetic engineering of the NK cells ( 131 ). In addition, cytokine-activated NK cells with upregulated NCRs and NKG2D are partly able to overcome tumor immune escape by restoring NKG2D-mediated NK cell cytotoxicity via scavenging of plasma MICA as demonstrated for neuroblastoma and head and neck cancer, respectively ( 124 , 132 ).…”

Section: Benefit and Limitation In Clinical Nk Cell-based Immunothera...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Underlying mechanisms of evasion from NK cells as rationale for improvement of NK cell-based immunotherapies

Seliger

Koehl

2022

Front. Immunol.

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Natural killer (NK) cells belong to the family of innate immune cells with the capacity to recognize and kill tumor cells. Different phenotypes and functional properties of NK cells have been described in tumor patients, which could be shaped by the tumor microenvironment. The discovery of HLA class I-specific inhibitory receptors controlling NK cell activity paved the way to the fundamental concept of modulating immune responses that are regulated by an array of inhibitory receptors, and emphasized the importance to explore the potential of NK cells in cancer therapy. Although a whole range of NK cell-based approaches are currently being developed, there are still major challenges that need to be overcome for improved efficacy of these therapies. These include escape of tumor cells from NK cell recognition due to their expression of inhibitory molecules, immune suppressive signals of NK cells, reduced NK cell infiltration of tumors, an immune suppressive micromilieu and limited in vivo persistence of NK cells. Therefore, this review provides an overview about the NK cell biology, alterations of NK cell activities, changes in tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment contributing to immune escape or immune surveillance by NK cells and their underlying molecular mechanisms as well as the current status and novel aspects of NK cell-based therapeutic strategies including their genetic engineering and their combination with conventional treatment options to overcome tumor-mediated evasion strategies and improve therapy efficacy.

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“…CAR-NK cells have been shown in preclinical and clinical trials to be capable of combating hematological malignancies as well as solid tumors such as CC. However, the use of CAR-NK cell therapy in solid tumors presents unique challenges, such as the expansion and activation of primary NK cells in vitro, the selection of CAR targets, the survival time of CAR-NK cells in vivo, NK cell storage and transportation, and the efficiency of NK cell transduction [30].…”

Section: The Influence Of the Host's Immune Responses On Colon Cancer...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Colorectal Cancer Stages, Progress, Genetic Predisposition, and Immune Surveillance

Abdullah¹

2022

Recent Understanding of Colorectal Cancer Treatment

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Colon cancer (CC) is highly malignant and is considered the second cause of death worldwide. However, the overall CC survival rate is improving due to the rapid development of screening tools and improved treatment options. This raised the need to develop effective approaches for medical intervention. Moreover, CC is classified into four stages: stages I, II, III, and IV. On the other hand, the driver genes played vital regulatory roles in essential pathways for cellular division, cell survival, fate, and genome stability. For example, the RAS mitogen-activated protein kinase is essential for cellular division. Additionally, carcinogenesis is linked to the mutations, which are reported in the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog gene, Adenomatous Polyposis Coli gene, Tumor Protein 53 gene, and SMAD family member 4 genes, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 gene. In addition, the immune system reactions have different impacts on CC growth and management. The inflammation process is described as one of the innate responses. The inflammation process is initiated and exacerbated by various types of immune cells included the macrophages, and neutrophils for their activation, margination, extravasation, and migration to the damaged tissue. The preferred role of inflammation against cancer is at stages I and II.

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Chimeric antigen receptor‑natural killer cells: novel insight into immunotherapy for solid tumors (Review)

Cited by 11 publications

References 56 publications

Breaking down barriers: The potential of smarter CAR‐engineered NK cells against solid tumors

Breaking down barriers: The potential of smarter CAR‐engineered NK cells against solid tumors

Underlying mechanisms of evasion from NK cells as rationale for improvement of NK cell-based immunotherapies

Colorectal Cancer Stages, Progress, Genetic Predisposition, and Immune Surveillance

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