Chimpanzees in the Ntakata and Kakungu Areas, Tanzania

<Article> The Population and Habitat Preferences of Chimpanzees in Non-Protected Areas of Tanzania

“…However, the quality of chimpanzee habitats has become worse over time, caused by habitat destruction for cultivation, firewood, charcoal, and commercial use of timbers (Ogawa et al 1997(Ogawa et al , 2004(Ogawa et al , 2006a(Ogawa et al , 2006b(Ogawa et al , 2007.…”

“…From 1994 to 2011, we conducted transect bed censuses in all chimpanzee habitats out of national parks: b, c, d, e, g, h, and i, (Ogawa et al 1997(Ogawa et al , 2004(Ogawa et al , 2006a(Ogawa et al , 2006b(Ogawa et al , 2007Yoshikawa et al 2008) (Figure 1, Table 1). As a control, we conducted bed censuses at j) Mishamo, k) Sabaga, and l) Niamansi in non-habitats of chimpanzees ( Figure 1, Table 1).…”

“…This means that there are four local populations of chimpanzees in Tanzania: a) Gombe, b) Lilanshimba, so called "Greater Mahale" composed of c-h areas, and i) Lwazi, as well as an introduced population on Rubondo Island in Lake Victoria. Although chimpanzees still inhabit all areas in which they were found in 1960s (Kano 1972;Ogawa et al 1997Ogawa et al , 2004Ogawa et al , 2006aOgawa et al , 2006bOgawa et al , 2007Moyer et al 2006;Yoshikawa et al 2008;Ndimuligo 2008;Plumptre et al 2010), the population density of chimpanzees in nonprotected areas has been significantly reduced from 1960s to 2000s (Yoshikawa et al 2008). Proper conservational planning is essential to protect chimpanzees (Plumptre et al 2010).…”

“…However, chimpanzees in such areas have been much less studied than those in two national parks, a) Gombe and f) Mahale. Therefore, in addition to our extensive field surveys in 1994-2008 (Ogawa et al 1997(Ogawa et al , 2004(Ogawa et al , 2006a(Ogawa et al , 2006b(Ogawa et al , 2007Yoshikawa et al 2008) and estimation of population densities of chimpanzees (Yoshikawa et al 2008), we conducted further surveys in 2010-2011 and GIS analyses of chimpanzee habitats in non-protected areas of Tanzania.…”

<Note> The Influence of Congolese Refugees on Chimpanzees in the Lilanshimba Area, Tanzania

“…In 1995-1996, Kano et al 1 estimated that the population density was 0.10-0.14 individuals/km 2 and that 32-45 chimpanzees inhabited the 316km 2 area (05°05' -14'S, 29°58'-30°20'E). Chimpanzees were densely distributed only in the 175km 2 …”