Chimpanzees with positive welfare are happier, extraverted, and emotionally stable

Robinson, Lauren M.; Wallace, Emma; Úbeda, Yulán; Llorente, Miquel; Machanda, Zarin; Slocombe, Katie E.; Leach, Matthew C.; Waran, Natalie; Weiss, Alexander

doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2017.02.008

Cited by 38 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…As in our study of a subsample of these subjects (34), we found a pattern of personality-subjective well-being correlations that were consistent with those found in studies of humans (36,37) and nonhuman primates (29,(38)(39)(40)(41)(42). Similar associations have also been reported for felids (84,85).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Personality, Subjective Well-Being, and the Serotonin 1a Receptor Gene in Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

Weiss

Yokoyama

Hayashi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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1Of the three rating-based studies of common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) personality, one 2 did not find domains resembling those labeled Conscientiousness or Openness. Because this 3 discrepancy may have been partly attributable to the fact that many purported markers of 4 Conscientiousness were excluded because of concerns about interrater reliability. We 5 therefore followed up this study by increasing the number of common marmosets that were 6 rated, bringing it up to 128 from 77. We also gathered the same amount of new data on 7 subjective well-being and genetic data related to serotonin 1a receptor polymorphisms. Factor 8 analysis revealed evidence for an Openness domain and a domain labeled "Impulsiveness" 9 that combined low Conscientiousness and high emotional instability. The other domains 10 included Sociability, Dominance, and Negative Affect, and resembled those found in 11 previous studies of common marmoset personality. Correlations between these factors were 12 higher than expected and a second-order factor analysis indicated the presence of a domain, 13 Pro-Sociality, related to high Sociability and both low Dominance and Impulsiveness, and a 14 domain, Boldness, related to high Openness and low Negative Affect. Further analyses could 15 not discern the extent to which Pro-Sociality and Boldness were not artifacts, but a higher-16 level of personality organization in this species. Correlations between the domains and the 17 subjective well-being measures were consistent with those found in other species and 18 supported the construct validity of the factors. There were no reliable associations between 19 personality and genotype. New analytic methods and larger samples may help to better 20 understand personality in common marmosets. 21 Keywords: higher-order, assessment, temperament, behavioral syndrome, callitrichid 22 common marmosets that were housed in the Kobe, Japan campus of the Institute of Physical 87 and Chemical Research (RIKEN), a Japanese research organization for basic and applied 88 science. This earlier study did not find evidence for a Conscientiousness or Patience domain; 89 it also did not find evidence for an Openness domain (Inoue-Murayama et al., 2018). Because 90Conscientiousness, Openness, and possibly Patience, were found in two previous studies 91 (Iwanicki & Lehmann, 2015;Koski et al., 2017), the failure to find one or more of these 92 domains in the RIKEN sample is puzzling. One possible reason for these differences with 93 regards to Conscientiousness or Patience is that, of the items that Inoue-Murayama et al. 94(2018) removed because they had interrater reliability estimates that were less than zero, two 95 MARMOSET PERSONALITY 6 (reckless and unperceptive) were associated with Conscientiousness and three (inventive, 96 persistent, and quitting) were associated with Patience in Koski et al.'s (2017) study. 2 The 97negative interrater reliabilities of these items suggest that there was either very little between-98

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Personality, Subjective Well-Being, and the Serotonin 1a Receptor Gene in Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

Weiss

Yokoyama

Hayashi

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Each primate is usually rated on a scale of 1-7 (alternatively 1-5) in a number of aspects (e.g., fearfulness, sociability, playfulness) by people who are familiar with the focal individual -typically caregivers or researchers working with the individual for a long time. This method is most common in apes (Weiss et al 2007, 2012, moRton et al 2013, RoBinson et al 2017, hence the name of the most popular questionnaire -Hominiod Personality Questionnaire. In this measure, caretakers are asked to score whether the animal is above, below, or average (on a 1-7 scale) for 51 selected traits, e.g., dominant or curious (Weiss et al 2009).…”

Section: A P P R O a C H E S T O P E R S O N A L I T Y R E S E A R C mentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for measuring mammalian personalities: In which animals and how accurately can we quantify it?

2017

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Abstract The study of personality, and individual differences in behaviour has experienced a steady rise in popularity in the past years. In this review and meta-analysis, we aim to introduce the concept of personality and related phenomena. A behavioural trait should meet two basic conditions to be considered a personality trait – it should be consistent (1) in time and (2) across contexts. In mammals, the two most common orders in personality studies are primates and rodents. We therefore introduce different approaches to personality testing in these two orders. Primate personality studies are based on psychology studies and often rely on the observer’s ratings. Rodent personality studies originate in the studies of physiology and use an experimental approach. We present a more detailed overview of methodological issues of repeatability as a statistical tool for measuring consistency across time. The classic methods of computing repeatability do not consider habituation and other trends which may become confounding factors and lead to underestimation of repeatability. We also discuss consistency across contexts and different understandings of the context definition. We illustrate the variability of personality studies in mammals with a meta-analysis of repeatability estimates. We found that repeatability of behaviour depends on the methodology of behavioural testing and statistical analyses used, but also the number of test repetitions and differences between the focal behaviours. Repeatability decreased with more repetitions and the tests of aggressiveness and exploratory behaviour yielded lower repeatability estimates than the tests of activity.

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“…Keeper‐centric data collection frameworks have taken a variety of forms, often tailored to the resources and the most pressing questions related to species management, and have been applied to a wide range of species including black rhinoceros ( Diceros bicornis ; Carlstead et al, ); cheetah ( Acinonyx jubatus ; Wielebnowski, ); gorilla ( Gorilla gorilla gorilla ; Less, Kuhar, Dennis, & Lukas, ); and Asian elephant ( Elephas maximus ; Duer, Tomasi, & Abramson, ). Robinson et al (, ) demonstrated that keeper questionnaires can be a useful tool in collecting data on animal welfare and personality. These examples provide a strong theoretical framework for the value of keeper feedback in assessing animal behavior (King & Landau, ; Whitham & Wielebnowski, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches to studying behavior in captive sloth bears through animal keeper feedback

Khadpekar¹,

Whiteman

Durrant

et al. 2018

Zoo Biology

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Animal keepers at zoos and wildlife rescue centers often possess in-depth knowledge of the health and behavior of the individuals under their care. While it is often not feasible for keepers to regularly collect behavior data through formal scientific methods, efforts should be made to find alternative means to capture this knowledge. We investigated the use of keeper feedback to study the behavior of sloth bears at the Agra Bear Rescue Facility (ABRF; Agra, India). We prepared a survey with 5 questions focused on behaviors indicative of playfulness, boldness, aggressiveness, and the tendency to express self-directed behaviors (SDB). We asked keepers to rate bears on a Likert scale from 1 (least likely to exhibit a behavior) to 5 (most likely) for 44 adult female bears (5-21 years of age). We validated this method by comparing keeper ratings of SDB with formal behavior observations, finding that time of day had an influence on the accuracy of keeper assessments. We found a significant negative correlation between housing bears in larger groups (>15) and SDB. In addition, we correlated ratings given by keepers for all study behaviors. Social play had significant negative correlation with aggression toward people. There was no correlation between social play and aggression toward other bears, possibly due to the existence of cohesive social groups in group housing or high dimensionality of the data. We found that keeper feedback is an efficient tool to gather behavior data on captive sloth bears and recommend its use in future studies. K E Y W O R D S enrichment, self-directed behavior (SDB), social interactions, stereotypy, questionnaire

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Chimpanzees with positive welfare are happier, extraverted, and emotionally stable

Cited by 38 publications

References 54 publications

Personality, Subjective Well-Being, and the Serotonin 1a Receptor Gene in Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

Personality, Subjective Well-Being, and the Serotonin 1a Receptor Gene in Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

Methods for measuring mammalian personalities: In which animals and how accurately can we quantify it?

Approaches to studying behavior in captive sloth bears through animal keeper feedback

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