This comprehensive research investigates the dynamics of agricultural trade between China and countries affiliated with the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Launched by President Xi Jinping, the BRI is a pivotal foreign policy designed to foster political rapport and economic integration by facilitating infrastructure development, synchronizing investments, and promoting global connectivity. Central to this paper is the transformative role of the BRI in refining China's agricultural framework, mitigating overcapacity challenges, and broadening its agricultural outreach on the global stage. The study underscores the inherent complementarity of agricultural products between China and BRI nations. However, it also brings to light pressing challenges, notably the persistent trade deficits, infrastructural gaps in BRI-associated countries, and the emergence of green trade barriers. On the brighter side, the research identifies significant opportunities, particularly in the realm of transnational agricultural resource allocation and the rapid internationalization of China's agriculture sector. In its conclusion, the paper strongly recommends the mutual acknowledgment of agricultural standards, infrastructural advancements, and a synergistic approach involving diverse stakeholders to fully harness the agricultural trade benefits of the BRI.