China’s Oil and Gas Footprint in Latin America and Africa

China´s Economic Policy to Nigeria in Oil Affairs

“…Ekonomicko-manazerske spektrum 2019, Volume 13, Issue 2, pp. 28-36 Figure 1: Oil production vs. consumption and natural gas production vs. consumption Source: The author, with data from the BP Statistical Review of World Energy (BP, 2018); (Vasquez, 2019) To do their objectives China employs diplomacy or focus on economic diplomacy. Diplomacy is closely related to foreign policy because diplomacy is an implementation of foreign policy.…”

Chinese and Indian investment in Ethiopia: infrastructure for ‘debt-trap diplomacy’ exchange and the land grabbing approach

“…To compensate for the lack of foreign capital and to boost the economic growth, Ethiopia receives loans from international organization as well as various countries including China. Ethiopia is the second largest recipient of loans from China in SSA, next to Angola (Vasquez, 2019). Such far-reaching default could produce opportunities for lender to crave the region's natural resources.…”

“…For instance, China lends more money to Djibouti than it can pay back and now China built a large Chinese military base in Djibouti (Gopaldas, 2018). Moreover, according to scholars report 'Forty present of countries in the region are close to falling into debt crisis' (Searcey and Jaime Yaya, 2018) including Angola, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Ghana, the Republic of Congo, Sierra Leone, Zambia, and many of them are the most indebted to Chinese creditors (Scholvin, 2016;Vasquez, 2019). Understandably, Angola is the second largest producer of oil in SSA, Sierra Leone has the largest iron ore deposits in the world, the Republic of Congo is the largest producer of Coltan (used in cell phones and computer chips) in the world, and Zambia is Africa's second-largest producer of copper and coal.…”

“…For instance, between 2000 and 2015, China loaned a whopping US$95.5 billion to the continent (Mead, 2018). According to Vasquez from the top African recipient countries with the largest Chinese debt, Ethiopia is the second next to Angola with a roughly amount of debt of US$13 billion, which is 16% of its total GDP (Vasquez, 2019).…”

in’in Afrika Kriz Bölgelerindeki Dış Politikasının Analizi: Darfur ve Güney Sudan Örnekleri

“…Grafikteki verilerden de görüldüğü üzere, Sudan ve Güney Sudan (Darfur), mevcut siyasi istikrarsızlıklar ve çözümlenemeyen krizler sebebi ile petrol ihracatı sıralamasında Angola ve Kongo gibi ülkelerden sonra gelmektedir. Bu sıralamaya göre Angola, Suudi Arabistan'dan sonra Çin'in en fazla petrol ithal ettiği ülkelerin başında gelmekte fakat Güney Sudan toplam ham petrol ihracatının %95'ini yalnızca Çin'e gerçekleştirmektedir (Vasquez, 2019ve Dahir, 2019. Bununla birlikte Çin'in Afrika'dan ithal etmiş olduğu toplam ham petrol miktarında Sudan'ın oranı yalnızca %2 düzeyindedir (Zürcher, 2019, s.44).…”