China’s overseas oil and gas dependence: Situation, geographical risks, and countermeasures

Yu, Yang; He, Ze

doi:10.18402/resci.2020.08.15

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…As an important energy source in China, coal will still play a dominant role in the coming decades (Wei et al, 2019;Du et al, 2020;Yang and He, 2020;Du and Song, 2022). In recent years, coal mining technology is tending to be more automated and intelligent, and production rate of coal is therefore gradually increasing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of surface roughness on wettability and surface energy of coal

Zhang

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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Surface roughness has an important effect on the wettability and surface energy of coal. Although the predecessors had studied the effect of surface roughness on the wettability of coal, there were few researches on the effect of surface energy of coal, and the relationship between wettability and surface energy had not been thoroughly studied. This paper aimed to study the effect of surface roughness on the wettability and surface energy of coal, and revealed the relationship between the wettability and surface energy of coal. Based on the surface roughness of coal, this paper selected Hami lignite, Anyang coking coal and Zhaogu anthracite as the research objects, used the experimental methods to measure the surface roughness and experimental contact angle of coal under different conditions to study the effect of surface roughness on the wettability, and then applied the OWRK method to calculate the surface energy of coal to study the effect of surface roughness on the surface energy. The experimental results showed that the wettability of hydrophilic coal became better and the surface energy increased with the increase of surface roughness, while the results of hydrophobic coal were opposite. There was a positive correlation between the wettability and surface energy of coal, and the wettability of coal could be analyzed from the perspective of surface energy. Surfactant could change the wettability of coal, but unchanged the law of wettability with surface roughness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of surface roughness on wettability and surface energy of coal

Zhang

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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“…In recent years, although human beings have made significant progress in the development of new energy [1][2][3], oil and gas resources still occupy a dominant position in the world's energy consumption. Despite the fact that many scholars have put forward new technologies that are conducive to sustainable development from their own professional point of view [4][5][6], whether underground oil and gas resources can be exploited continuously is still a major issue related to the sustainable development of human society [7][8][9]. Carbonate reservoirs have abundant reserves in the world, and have become the key areas for future hydrocarbon exploration and development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Sustainable Development of Carbonate Reservoir Based on 3D Printing Technology

Chen

Zhang²,

Gao³

et al. 2023

SPEE

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With its abundant reserves in the world, carbonate reservoir has become one of the main targets for future oil and gas development. Accelerating the research and development of carbonate reservoirs is thus significant to enhance the world’s energy supply capacity. However, there have been some problems in the evaluation of carbonate reservoirs for a long time, such as low description accuracy of fractured-vuggy bodies, diverse flow patterns, and difficult reservoir simulation and prediction. Compared with traditional manufacturing methods, 3D printing is an advanced manufacturing technology of rapid prototyping. It has the characteristics of short manufacturing cycle, not limited by the complexity of parts, material saving and energy saving, and thus has unparalleled advantages in reservoir rock analysis. In this paper, the carbonate core of Yingmaili region in Tarim Basin was taken as the research object, and the uniaxial compression mechanical properties of three small cores printed with different materials were designed and tested by using KINGS-600 3D photocuring printer and photosensitive resin materials. After that, UV-9400S white resin with the highest strength is selected as the printing material of the full diameter core model of the karst cave. Combined with the CT scanning of the formed samples, the control accuracy concerning the cave morphology of the 3D printed samples was tested which adequately proves that flow experiments can be carried out with 3D printed core samples. At last, the article also analyzes the shortcomings of 3D printing technology, and points out the direction for its large-scale application in the field of oil and gas exploitation. This study can especially provide a reference for the application of 3D printing technology in the field of carbonate reservoir development, and ultimately promote the sustainable supply of oil and gas resources.

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Comprehensive Assessment of Geopolitical Risk in the Himalayan Region Based on the Grid Scale

Zhang

Yan

2022

Sustainability

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The Himalayan region serves as a land bridge between China and South Asia but is vulnerable to geopolitical factors. It is important to conduct geopolitical risk assessments to facilitate the restoration and construction of traditional trade routes in the Himalayan region. Based on multisource natural, political, and socioeconomic data, we selected 12 indicators, including topographic relief, landslide risk, multi-hazard index, population density, territorial disputes, conflict risk, corruption perception index, transboundary water disputed risk, night light index, GDP, accessibility, and economic freedom, to assess these risks. A comprehensive assessment of the geopolitical risk in the Himalayan region is presented using the random forest (RF) model, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), entropy weight method, and AHP-entropy weight method. The results indicated that the geopolitical risk in the Himalayan region is generally high in the north and low in the south, with high level of risk primarily concentrated in the Kashmir valley and south, south-central Nepal and southern Tibet, and low level of risk mainly concentrated in the Bhutan and Tibet border areas of China. The high likelihood of natural risk is largely concentrated in the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand, Nepal, southeastern Bhutan, and southern Tibet. Significant political risk is mostly confined to the Kashmir valley and its south, while economic risk is mostly concentrated in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan, Pakistani-administered regions of Kashmir, and Nepal. Geopolitical risk assessment based on the grid scale can better reveal and portray the spatial distribution of geopolitical risk in the Himalayan region and provide a basis for the restoration and construction of traditional trade routes in this region. According to the results of the geopolitical risk assessment, it is recommended that priority be given to construction in areas of relatively low risk, such as those close to Burang Country and Mustang, and that integrated planning be carried out for the restoration and construction of the predominantly low-risk trade routes between China and Bhutan, with further comprehensive analysis of each route conducted in conjunction with field surveys and proposed construction and control strategies.

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China’s overseas oil and gas dependence: Situation, geographical risks, and countermeasures

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Effects of surface roughness on wettability and surface energy of coal

Effects of surface roughness on wettability and surface energy of coal

Study on Sustainable Development of Carbonate Reservoir Based on 3D Printing Technology

Comprehensive Assessment of Geopolitical Risk in the Himalayan Region Based on the Grid Scale

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