2016
DOI: 10.3390/su8060516
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China’s Water Utilization Efficiency: An Analysis with Environmental Considerations

Abstract: This paper estimates China's water utilization efficiency using the directional distance function to take into account the environmental degradation affecting the economy. We further analyze the spatial correlation and the factors influencing the utilization efficiency using spatial panel data models. The results show that water utilization efficiency in China differs between provinces and regions. For example, water utilization efficiency in the eastern coastal provinces is significantly higher than that of i… Show more

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Cited by 50 publications
(26 citation statements)
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“…In a pioneering work, Hu et al [25] incorporated water input into the total-factor production framework to construct an index of total-factor water efficiency (TFWE) which was defined as the ratio of optimal-to-actual water use. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) as a multi-factor efficiency assessment technique has been widely applied to deal with water efficiency evaluation issues [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. For example, Wang et al [28] employed a slacks-based measure approach to examine water use efficiency of regional industrial systems in China.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In a pioneering work, Hu et al [25] incorporated water input into the total-factor production framework to construct an index of total-factor water efficiency (TFWE) which was defined as the ratio of optimal-to-actual water use. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) as a multi-factor efficiency assessment technique has been widely applied to deal with water efficiency evaluation issues [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. For example, Wang et al [28] employed a slacks-based measure approach to examine water use efficiency of regional industrial systems in China.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…With the comprehensive development of society and economy in China, rural urbanization is the inevitable trend of rural development [1]. During rural urbanization, the high-density conglomeration of people, factors of production, and economic activities will produce some environmental problems, such as environmental pollution by industrial and domestic wastewater, gas, and residue [2].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Policymakers are urged to take serious actions to ensure electricity supply. Improving efficiency on the supply side is an essential step toward sustainable economic development (Ma, Shi, & Chou, ). Thus, along with encouraging the development of renewable energy sources, the Chinese government has been working to introduce competition on the supply side and encourage energy savings on the demand side and incentivizing electricity utilities to advance their technologies (Ma & Zhao, ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%