Chinese Cabbage Clubroot Pathogen,<i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i>, Is Genetically Stable

Heo, Seung Hwan; Jang, Se Jeong; Choi, Jong Soo; Jang, Chang Soon; Song, Jeong Young; Kim, Hong Gi

doi:10.4489/myco.2009.37.3.225

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Structurally, the shape of resting spores differs among polymyxids, from an irregular shape in M. braseltonii (Murúa et al ., 2017), spherical in P. brassicae (Heo et al ., 2009) to circular‐polygonal in S. subterranea (Vakalounakis, Doulis & Lamprou, 2014). Cell walls of spores of all known Phytomyxea species have been reported to be multi‐layered, with some variations in the number of layers.…”

Section: Resting Spore Organisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moments of weaknesses – exploiting vulnerabilities between germination and encystment in the Phytomyxea

et al. 2021

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Attempts at management of diseases caused by protozoan plant parasitic Phytomyxea have often been ineffective. The dormant life stage is characterised by long‐lived highly robust resting spores that are largely impervious to chemical treatment and environmental stress. This review explores some life stage weaknesses and highlights possible control measures associated with resting spore germination and zoospore taxis. With phytomyxid pathogens of agricultural importance, zoospore release from resting spores is stimulated by plant root exudates. On germination, the zoospores are attracted to host roots by chemoattractant components of root exudates. Both the relatively metabolically inactive resting spore and motile zoospore need to sense the chemical environment to determine the suitability of these germination stimulants or attractants respectively, before they can initiate an appropriate response. Blocking such sensing could inhibit resting spore germination or zoospore taxis. Conversely, the short life span and the vulnerability of zoospores to the environment require them to infect their host within a few hours after release. Identifying a mechanism or conditions that could synchronise resting spore germination in the absence of host plants could lead to diminished pathogen populations in the field.

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Section: Resting Spore Organisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moments of weaknesses – exploiting vulnerabilities between germination and encystment in the Phytomyxea

et al. 2021

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“…Although molecular methods have been used with great success to study other plant pathogens, their successful application with P. brassicae has been difficult [ 13 ]. Since the pathogen cannot be cultured, DNA extractions are contaminated by the host DNA which can interfere with traditional molecular marker techniques such as RAPD or AFLP analysis [ 13 , 14 ]. Recent advances in genomics, however, have made examination of P. brassicae more feasible, and its genome was recently sequenced [ 15 , 16 ], as were the genomes of its hosts B. rapa and B. napus [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotyping of Plasmodiophora brassicae reveals the presence of distinct populations

Holtz

Hwang²,

Strelkov

2018

BMC Genomics

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BackgroundPlasmodiophora brassicae is a soilborne pathogen of the family Brassicaceae and the causal agent of clubroot disease. In Canada, P. brassicae is now one of the most important constraints to canola (Brassica napus) production, and is managed mainly by the deployment of resistant cultivars. In recent years, however, new strains of the pathogen have emerged that are capable of overcoming host resistance, posing new challenges for disease management. Despite its economic significance, molecular studies of P. brassicae are rare, mainly because this microorganism cannot be cultured outside of its host.ResultsRestriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) was used to examine the genetic diversity within P. brassicae single-spore and field isolates collected from across Canada. The isolates included individuals that were either capable or incapable of causing disease on clubroot resistant canola cultivars. Over 8750 variants were identified through RADseq. Population analysis indicated that most isolates belonged to one of two distinct populations, corresponding with the ability of isolates to cause disease on resistant cultivars. Within each population, there were low levels of genetic diversity. One thousand and fifty of the genetic variants that distinguished the two populations were nonsynonymous, altering the coding sequences of genes.ConclusionThe application of RADseq revealed two distinct populations of P. brassicae in Canada, suggesting multiple introductions of the pathogen into the country. The genetic variation found here will be important for future research and monitoring of the pathogen.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4658-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Clubroot disease is a soilborne disease induced by the Plasmodiophora brassicas Wor., which widely affects the brassicaceous vegetables (Si et al, 2002 ; Li et al, 2013 ; Strehlow et al, 2015 ). With the alternation of vegetable breeds and infection of various fungi and bacteria, the clubroot disease was primarily discovered 280 years ago (Heo et al, 2009 ). Chinese cabbage is highly susceptible and greatly influenced by the clubroot disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Bacterial Community to the Occurrence of Clubroot Disease in Chinese Cabbage

Zong²,

Sun³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Clubroot disease is a common soilborne disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicas Wor. and widely occurs in Chinese cabbage. Soil microorganisms play vital roles in the occurrence and development of plant diseases. The changes in the soil bacterial community could indicate the severity of plant disease and provide the basis for its control. This study focused on the bacterial community of the clubroot disease-infected soil–root system with different severity aiming to reveal the composition and structure of soil bacteria and identified potential biomarker bacteria of the clubroot disease. In the clubroot disease-infected soil, the bacterial community is mainly composed of Actinobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Bacilli, Thermolrophilia, Bacteroidia, Gemmatimonadetes, Subgroup_6, Deltaproteobacteria, KD4-96, and some other classes, while the major bacterial classes in the infected roots were Oxyphotobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacilli, Bacteroidia, Saccharimonadia, Thermoleophilia, Clostridia, Chloroflexia, and some other classes. The severe clubroot disease soil–root system was found to possess a poorer bacterial richness, evenness, and better coverage. Additionally, a significant difference was observed in the structure of the bacterial community between the high-severity (HR) and healthy (LR) soil–root system. Bacillus asahii and Noccaea caerulescens were identified as the differential bacteria between the LR and HR soil and roots, respectively. pH was demonstrated as a vital factor that was significantly associated with the abundance of B. asahii and N. caerulescens. This study provides novel insight into the relationship between soil bacteria and the pathogen of clubroot disease in Chinese cabbage. The identification of resistant species provides candidates for the monitoring and biocontrol of the clubroot disease.

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Chinese Cabbage Clubroot Pathogen,Plasmodiophora brassicae, Is Genetically Stable

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Moments of weaknesses – exploiting vulnerabilities between germination and encystment in the Phytomyxea

Moments of weaknesses – exploiting vulnerabilities between germination and encystment in the Phytomyxea

Genotyping of Plasmodiophora brassicae reveals the presence of distinct populations

Response of Bacterial Community to the Occurrence of Clubroot Disease in Chinese Cabbage

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