Chinese Digital Arm (CDA): A High-Precision Digital Arm for Electrical Stimulation Simulation

Zhang, Shuang; Wang, Jiujiang; Yu, Yuanyu; Lin, Wenxiong; Zhang, Tao

doi:10.3390/bioengineering10030374

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…In terms of targeted stimulation modeling, the existing brain models are all completed using open data sets, leading to the loss of individual differences in the established models; this loss will inevitably affect the targeted stimulation effect of the noninvasive neuromodulation. In particular, noninvasive transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) is more sensitive to tissue characteristics (geometric characteristics and tissue electrical characteristics) [ 119 ]. It has a more significant difference in the regulatory effect caused by individual differences.…”

Section: The Closed-loop System and Personalized Digital Twin Brain (...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive Electrical Stimulation Neuromodulation and Digital Brain Technology: A Review

et al. 2023

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We review the research progress on noninvasive neural regulatory systems through system design and theoretical guidance. We provide an overview of the development history of noninvasive neuromodulation technology, focusing on system design. We also discuss typical cases of neuromodulation that use modern noninvasive electrical stimulation and the main limitations associated with this technology. In addition, we propose a closed-loop system design solution of the “time domain”, “space domain”, and “multi-electrode combination”. For theoretical guidance, this paper provides an overview of the “digital brain” development process used for noninvasive electrical-stimulation-targeted modeling and the development of “digital human” programs in various countries. We also summarize the core problems of the existing “digital brain” used for noninvasive electrical-stimulation-targeted modeling according to the existing achievements and propose segmenting the tissue. For this, the tissue parameters of a multimodal image obtained from a fresh cadaver were considered as an index. The digital projection of the multimodal image of the brain of a living individual was implemented, following which the segmented tissues could be reconstructed to obtain a “digital twin brain” model with personalized tissue structure differences. The “closed-loop system” and “personalized digital twin brain” not only enable the noninvasive electrical stimulation of neuromodulation to achieve the visualization of the results and adaptive regulation of the stimulation parameters but also enable the system to have individual differences and more accurate stimulation.

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Section: The Closed-loop System and Personalized Digital Twin Brain (...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive Electrical Stimulation Neuromodulation and Digital Brain Technology: A Review

et al. 2023

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Modeling and Analysis of Cancer Electrothermic Therapy Technique based on a Digital Arm

Xu,

Zhang,

Kuang

et al. 2025

ENG

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Background: Intramuscular hemangioma (IMH) is a diffuse growth hemangioma located in the striated muscle, which is often overlooked due to its rarity. background: Intramuscular hemangioma (IMH) is a diffuse growth hemangioma located in the striated muscle, which is often overlooked due to its rarity. Objective: This patent pertains to the integration of electroacupuncture with electrothermotherapy. By introducing electrical signals into the electroacupuncture system, electromagnetic heat is produced. This heat leads to the electrolysis and thermal destruction of tumor cells, enabling targeted and precise cancer treatment. Furthermore, the patent offers a theoretical foundation for exploring the distribution of electrical signals and the associated heat in arm muscles, ensuring accurate treatment. Material and Method: To enable subsequent experimental validation, this patent integrates human anatomy and histological structure theory. The arm's geometric structure was derived from segmentation, reconstruction, and substantiation based on a digital human image dataset. Using the COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5 software, a semi-detailed finite element model was developed for the numerical simulation of electrothermotherapy. Within a time domain setting, a carrier signal of 1 MHz and 22 V was introduced to assess the distribution of electrical signals and the associated heat in the arm muscle. Results: Electrical signals, electromagnetic heat, and tissue necrosis primarily concentrate in a spherical region within 10 mm of the exposed electroacupuncture tip, with the maximum coupling temperature reaching 250 °C at the tip. Time domain analysis revealed that the coupling temperature can rise within 1 min, sufficiently to cause complete tissue damage, with the tissue necrosis ratio reaching 100% in the same timeframe. While the coupling temperature continues to rise over time, the increment is modest. After 5 min, there is negligible temperature change, and once the tissue necrosis ratio reaches 100%, it remains consistent. Conclusion: In the precision tumor treatment system utilizing electrothermotherapy, factors, such as the magnitude of the injected electrical signal, placement of the electroacupuncture tip, and treatment duration play a crucial role in the treatment's accuracy. This model delves into the treatment of intramuscular hemangiomas using electroacupuncture electrothermotherapy from two perspectives: spatial and temporal domains. It provides a theoretical foundation for precise electrothermotherapy in cancer treatment. conclusion: In the precise tumor treatment system with electrothermotherapy, the size of the injected electrical signal, the position of the electroacupuncture tip and the treatment duration all have a significant impact on the precise treatment. This model is used to analyzes the treatment of intramuscular hemangiomas with electroacupuncture electrothermotherapy from two aspects: spatial and temporal domains, providing a theoretical basis for the precise electrothermotherapy for cancer. other: null

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Performance Analysis of Semi-refined Digital Forearm Modeling and Simplified Forearm Model in Electromagnetic Simulation

Kuang,

Qin,

Zhang

2024

ENG

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Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the performance difference between simplified and digital models based on medical images. Methods: According to the characteristics of human anatomy, the finite element simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5 was employed to construct a simplified arm model using cylinders and a digital arm model based on Chinese digital human regarding electroacupuncture therapy as an example. A comparative analysis was then performed considering three aspects: mesh number, potential distribution, and resource consumption. Results: Through analysis, the digital arm model based on Chinese digital human requires significantly more mesh cells than the simplified arm model in mesh generation. Meanwhile, because the digital arm model based on the Chinese digital human fully expresses the nonuniformity of the tissue distribution in a real human body, its signal distribution in its interior is also relatively scattered, and the coupling potential slightly differs at the electrode vertex with the smallest change. In addition, the digital arm model has much higher resource consumption and computer hardware resource requirements compared with the simplified arm model. Conclusion: As a result, the digital model based on the Chinese digital human can more fully express the tissue distribution and electrical signal characteristics of a real human body. However, due to its high computational requirements, appropriate simplification can be selected to improve the computational efficiency of the model in practical applications.

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Chinese Digital Arm (CDA): A High-Precision Digital Arm for Electrical Stimulation Simulation

Cited by 6 publications

References 54 publications

Noninvasive Electrical Stimulation Neuromodulation and Digital Brain Technology: A Review

Noninvasive Electrical Stimulation Neuromodulation and Digital Brain Technology: A Review

Modeling and Analysis of Cancer Electrothermic Therapy Technique based on a Digital Arm

Performance Analysis of Semi-refined Digital Forearm Modeling and Simplified Forearm Model in Electromagnetic Simulation

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