Chinese herbal drugs for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy

Behl, Tapan; Kotwani, Anita

doi:10.1111/jphp.12683

Cited by 51 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(144 reference statements)

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“…DR is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, and one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide [48]. One-third of the worldʼs diabetic population presents different DR stages [88]. DR is a complex event; oxidative stress and inflammation are the main pathways to affect the pathogenesis of DR, which is characterised by neuronal and pericyte cell loss, the formation of acellular occluded capillaries and microaneurysms that result in capillary non-perfusion and hypoxia, increased leukostasis, and vascular basement membrane thickening.…”

Section: Diabetic Retinopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GBEs have anti-inflammatory effects, and one of the possible mechanisms is the ability to downregulate the expression of PAF. GBEs can also significantly reduce the transcriptional expressions of hypoxia inducible factor, HIF-1α, and VEGF in retinal pigment epithelial cells under hypoxic conditions [88]. Interleukin regulation appears to play a key role in the anti-inflammatory effect of GBEs [94].…”

Section: Diabetic Retinopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuroprotective Potential of Ginkgo biloba in Retinal Diseases

et al. 2019

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Like other tissues of the central nervous system, the retina is susceptible to damage by oxidative processes that result in several neurodegenerative disease such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, ischaemic retinal disease, retinal disease produced by light oxidation, and detached retina, among other diseases. The use of antioxidant substances is a solution to some health problems caused by oxidative stress, because they regulate redox homeostasis and reduce oxidative stress. This is important for neurodegeneration linked to oxidation processes. In line with this, Ginkgo biloba is a medicinal plant with excellent antioxidant properties whose effects have been demonstrated in several degenerative processes, including retinal diseases associated with neurodegeneration. This review describes the current literature on the role of ginkgo in retinal diseases associated with neurodegeneration. The information leads to the conclusion that G. biloba extracts might be a good option to improve certain neurodegenerative retinal diseases, but more research is needed to determine the safety and efficacy of G. biloba in these retinal degenerative processes.

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Section: Diabetic Retinopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diabetic Retinopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotective Potential of Ginkgo biloba in Retinal Diseases

et al. 2019

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“…In a systematic review of African mango for weight reduction, three randomized clinical trials were identified, all of which observed significantly greater weight loss in treated vs. untreated individuals; however, the study quality was poor, precluding recommendation of this supplement for the treatment of obesity [63]. The astragalus root is also found in many non-hCG preparations, and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and PPAR-gamma receptor agonistic properties which may improve insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis [64]. Both animal models and in vitro studies have shown that astragalus root is associated with improved measures of metabolic control, including normalized levels of glucose, insulin, and blood lipids.…”

Section: The Hcg Diet: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Foods in fad diets: A review

Navaro¹,

Raz²,

Gabriel³

et al. 2017

FFHD

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Background: Fad diets can be defined as any diet making claims that are unrealistic and not supported by evidence-based data. Having been developed since the early 19th century, fad diets promise drastic weight loss and/or other unsubstantiated health claims, often omitting entire food groups. Their popularity with the public makes them an important topic for nutritionists and clinicians, especially in the framework of the obesity epidemic. Additionally, it is conceivable that components of fad diets can indeed facilitate weight loss, even if the diet overall is without merit. The grapefruit diet, the cabbage soup diet, and the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) diet are among the most popular fad diets and are reviewed within this study not only in terms of the diet plan itself, but also in terms of possible and known weight loss and health benefits provided by the foods on which the diets are based. Bioflavonoids in grapefruit, including naringin, hesperidin, and bergamottin, may benefit glucose homeostasis. Cabbage contains lutein, zeaxanthin, kaempferol, quercetin, and apigenin, which have anti-inflammatory properties and improve both glucose homeostasis and fat metabolism. The hCG diet is frequently supplemented with non-hCG preparations, which often contains African mango, which has been shown to enhance weight loss by an unspecified mechanism; astragalus root, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma receptor agonistic properties; arginine, which stimulates lipolysis; glutamine, which has been shown to enhance weight loss, perhaps by altering the gut microbiome; carnitine, which appears to facilitate weight loss; B12, which improves insulin resistance; and niacin, which improves the dyslipidemia associated with overweight/obesity. Presently, high quality clinical trials suggest that fad diets reduce weight in the short term due to drastic caloric restriction rather than functional food properties. However, the proof of principle has been demonstrated, and clinical trials of the functional foods utilized in fad diets are much needed.Keywords: functional foods, Fad diet, weight loss, naringin, hesperidin, and bergamottin

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“…LTF can also ameliorate injury due to oxygen free radicals and improve endothelial cell function [13,14]. All herbs in LTF have anti-inflammatory properties and have been found to inhibit inflammation by downregulating nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) signaling pathways [15][16][17][18]. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of LTF on DR are yet to be elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luo Tong formula attenuates retinal inflammation in diabetic rats via inhibition of the p38MAPK/NF-κB pathway

Pang

Song

et al. 2020

Chin Med

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Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes and remains the leading cause of blindness in adults. Retinal inflammation is playing a crucial role in the development of DR, and targeting inflammatory mediators is a promising strategy for controlling DR. Here, we investigated compound Chinese medicine Luo Tong formula (LTF) alleviated retinal inflammatory responses in a STZ-induced diabetic rat model. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control, streptozotocin-induced diabetic, LTF-treated diabetic, and calcium dobesilate (CaD)-treated diabetic rats. Blood samples were collected for blood glucose examination. Hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid-Schiff staining were conducted for light microscopy observations. Retinal cell apoptosis was detected using the TUNEL assay. Proteins expression was quantified by Western blotting and/or immunohistochemistry, and gene expression was assessed by real-time PCR. Results: Diabetic rats showed significant increases in the expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and the phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38-MAPK)/p38 MAPK ratio compared to control rats. LTF treatment significantly improved both retinal and pancreatic pathological injury, LTF treatment also inhibited inducible the p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK ratio and NF-κB activation and decreased the subsequent induction of the retinal expression of proinflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1 and ICAM-1 compared to diabetic rats. LTF also exhibited a protective effect on islet function. Conclusions: LTF before the onset of DR can alleviate retinal pathological injury, LTF may play an anti-inflammatory role by inhibiting p38-MAPK and then inhibiting NF-κB pathway. But further studies are needed to confirm this conclusion. Trial registration This is an animal experiment, trial registration is not necessary.

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Chinese herbal drugs for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy

Cited by 51 publications

References 73 publications

Neuroprotective Potential of Ginkgo biloba in Retinal Diseases

Neuroprotective Potential of Ginkgo biloba in Retinal Diseases

Functional Foods in fad diets: A review

Luo Tong formula attenuates retinal inflammation in diabetic rats via inhibition of the p38MAPK/NF-κB pathway

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