Chinese herbs (Astragalus radix and Ganoderma lucidum) enhance immune response of carp, Cyprinus carpio, and protection against Aeromonas hydrophila

Multilocus sequence typing revealed a clonal lineage of Aeromonas hydrophila caused motile Aeromonas septicemia outbreaks in pond-cultured cyprinid fish in an epidemic area in central China

“…A. hydrophila is prevalent in aquatic habitats with cosmopolitan distribution, and has resulted in heavy mortalities in farmed and feral fishes worldwide (da Silva et al, 2012;Harikrishnan and Balasundaram, 2005;Janda and Abbott, 1998). Vaccines are being developed against A. hydrophila, unfortunately, these are not yet commercially available (Yin et al, 2009). A. hydrophila is such a heterogeneous species, having diverse antigens, that vaccine development is extremely complex (Ardó et al, 2008;Karunasagar et al, 1991;Stevenson, 1988;Yin et al, 2009).…”

“…Vaccines are being developed against A. hydrophila, unfortunately, these are not yet commercially available (Yin et al, 2009). A. hydrophila is such a heterogeneous species, having diverse antigens, that vaccine development is extremely complex (Ardó et al, 2008;Karunasagar et al, 1991;Stevenson, 1988;Yin et al, 2009). Thus, the epidemic information underlying the outbreaks should be clarified before vaccines against this genetically diverse fish pathogen are developed.…”

Effects of Ten Traditional Chinese Herbs on Immune Response and Disease Resistance of <I>Sciaenops Ocellatus</I> (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Sciaenidae)

“…Thus, we can conclude that the day that fish began to die had no correlation with RPS. This phenomenon can be found in the paper of Yin et al (2009), who reported that Cyprinus carpio L. infected with Aeromonas hydrophila started to die after 36 h in the groups fed diets containing Astragalus radix, Ganoderma lucidum, and the combination of those two.…”

“…Recently, growing interest has focused on the immune stimulating function of some TCH in aquaculture, and non-specific immunity can be improved by a single or mixed TCH (Luo 1997, Ardó et al 2008, Yin et al 2009). For example, in the serum of crucian carp phagocytosis and lysozyme activity increased when the fish were fed different TCH: Rheum officinale, Andrographis paniculata, Isatis indigotica, and Lonicera japonica (see Chen et al 2003), NBT positive cells and lysozyme activities increased in sturgeon hybrid (Acipenser ruthenus × A. baerii) by feeding with TCH mixture (Jeney and Jeney 2002).…”

“…And the lysozyme activity significantly increased and the cumulative mortality significantly decreased when bastard halibut, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck et Schlegel, 1846)-fed diet enriched with 0.1% and 1.0% monkey head mushroom, Hericium erinaceum-was challenged with Philasterides dicentrarchi (see Harikrishnan et al 2011). In this study TCH extracts of: Astragalus membranaceus, fructus forsythiae, Polyporus umbellatus, Scutellaria baicalensis, Wolfiporia extensa, rhizoma coptidis, radix glycyrrhizae, flos lonicerae japonicae, isatidis radix, and bupleuri radix were chosen for the experiment because of their recorded ability to enhance the immune system (Lou et al 2001, Chen et al 2003, Jian and Wu 2003, Wang et al 2006, Ardó et al 2008, Yin et al 2009, Yan et al 2010.…”