Chinese Medicinal Leech: Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities

Han, Dawei; Ren, Jixiang; Wang, Jingjing; Ding, Li-Shuai; Jian-jun, Zhao; Liu, Songyan; Gao, Hui‐Min

doi:10.1155/2016/7895935

Cited by 61 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…For alkyl sulfuric acids, the fragment ion was m/z 96. , and they might be putatively assigned as two isomers of undecyl sulfuric acid. Peak 39 Identication of tanshinones in DZT. In this study, tanshinones could generate [M + H] + ions with remarkably higher abundance in the positive ion mode.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid multidimensional data acquisition and data processing strategy for comprehensive characterization of known, unknown and isomeric compounds from the compound Dan Zhi Tablet by UPLC-TWIMS-QTOFMS

Cheng

et al. 2019

RSC Adv.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid multidimensional data acquisition and data processing strategy for comprehensive characterization of known, unknown and isomeric compounds from the compound Dan Zhi Tablet by UPLC-TWIMS-QTOFMS

Cheng

et al. 2019

RSC Adv.

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“…SXT is extracted from Shuizhi (Hirudo) and Dilong (Pheretima), which are powerful blood-activating and stasis-removing herbs in TCM theory. Pharmacological studies have shown that Shuizhi plays a role in anticoagulation, preventing platelet aggregation and improving hemorheological parameters, which might reflect the mechanism through which SXT is beneficial for PNS [34]. In addition, the Dilong has been shown to reduce glomerular injury and urinary albumin excretion, possibly via suppression of mesangial matrix expansion and activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chinese Herbal Injections for Primary Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults: A Systematic Review and Network Meta‐Analysis

Han

Yao

Lü³

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) is a common renal disease that presents with heavy proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia. Despite notable advances in its treatment, some patients show poor responses and clinical outcomes when treated with conventional Western medicine (WM). Chinese herbal injections (CHIs) have been reported to have beneficial effects for PNS. The aim of the present study was to comprehensively determine the efficacy and safety of CHIs for PNS in adults using a network meta-analysis approach. PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane library, and four Chinese databases were systematically searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using CHIs for treatment of PNS published before June 1, 2019. Quality assessment of the identified RCTs was performed according to the Cochrane Handbook. Pooled odds ratios (OR) or mean differences (MD) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for discrete or continuous variables, respectively. The primary outcome was complete/total remission and secondary outcomes were serum albumin and urinary protein excretion. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) value and cluster analyses were used to rank treatment by probability. Eighty-five studies involving 11 CHIs and 5801 subjects were included. Compared with WM alone, CHI plus WM showed an improved complete/total remission rate as well as higher serum albumin and lower 24-hour urinary protein excretion, except in the following: Yinxingye injection plus WM did not improve the total remission rate, and Dengzhanhua or Xueshuantong injection plus WM did not lower the 24-hour urinary protein excretion. Either Danhong (DH) or Dengzhanhua (DZH) injection plus WM was the preferable treatment for PNS based on SUCRA and cluster analyses of clinical remission and adverse events. However, considering that literature in this area is limited, these results need further validation. CHIs administered as adjuvants to WM showed favourable outcomes for PNS. DH + WM and DZH + WM might be the potential optimal therapies for PNS.

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“…W. pigra is considered macrophagous, suggesting that it commonly swallows or takes bites out of prey sources [11][12][13]. W. pigra is recorded in the current Chinese Pharmacopoeia as the source of leeches, and the most commonly available from Chinese commercial leech market [14]. We rst analyzed the genome of W. pigra and conducted gene synteny analysis among the three leeches H. robusta, W. pigra, and H. medicinalis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genome of Medicinal Leech (Whitmania pigra) and comparative genomic study for Exploration of Bioactive Ingredients

Tong

Dai

Kong

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundLeeches are classic annelids that have a huge diversity and closely related to people, especially medicinal leeches. Medicinal leeches have been widely utilized in medicine based on the pharmacological activities of their bioactive ingredients. Comparative genomic study of these leeches enables us to understand the difference among medicinal leeches and other leeches and facilitates the discovery of bioactive ingredients.ResultsIn this study, we reported the genome of Whitmania pigra and compared it with Hirudo medicinalis and Helobdella robusta. The assembled genome size of W. pigra is 177 Mbp, close to the estimated genome. Approximately about 23% of the genome was repetitive. A total of 26,743 protein-coding genes were subsequently predicted. W. pigra have 12346 (46%) and 10295 (38%) orthologous genes with H. medicinalis and H. robusta, respectively. About 20% and 24% genes in W. pigra showed syntenic arrangement with H. medicinalis and H. robusta, respectively, revealed by gene synteny analysis. Furthermore, W. pigra, H. medicinalis and H. robusta expanded different gene families enriched in different biological processes. By inspecting genome distribution and gene structure of hirudin, we identified a new hirudin gene g17108 (hirudin_2) with different cysteine pattern. Finally, we systematically explored and compared the active substances in the genomes of three leeches. The results showed that W. pigra and H. medicinalis exceed H. robusta in both kinds and gene number of active molecules.ConclusionsThis study reported the genome of W. pigra and compared it with other two leeches, which provides an important genome resource and new insight into the exploration and development of bioactive molecules of medicinal leeches.

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Chinese Medicinal Leech: Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities

Cited by 61 publications

References 33 publications

Hybrid multidimensional data acquisition and data processing strategy for comprehensive characterization of known, unknown and isomeric compounds from the compound Dan Zhi Tablet by UPLC-TWIMS-QTOFMS

Hybrid multidimensional data acquisition and data processing strategy for comprehensive characterization of known, unknown and isomeric compounds from the compound Dan Zhi Tablet by UPLC-TWIMS-QTOFMS

Chinese Herbal Injections for Primary Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults: A Systematic Review and Network Meta‐Analysis

The Genome of Medicinal Leech (Whitmania pigra) and comparative genomic study for Exploration of Bioactive Ingredients

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