Chinese Medicine Induces Neurite Outgrowth in PC12 Mutant Cells Incapable of Differentiation

Kano, Yoshio; Takaguchi, Shinichiro; Nohno, Tsutomu; Hiragami, Fukumi; Kawamura, Kenji; Iwama, Michael K.; Miyamoto, Kanji; Takehara, Manabu

doi:10.1142/s0192415x02000260

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Traditionally, DSS was used to relieve menorrhalgia and other abdominal pains of women [12, 13]. The therapeutic effect of DSS on Alzheimer's disease was also reported [14, 15]. Beneficial effect of DSS on AGEs-mediated renal injury in diabetic rats has been clarified in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…DSS has been used in China as a blood-activating and stasis-eliminating drug to treat gynecological disorders such as dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, and infertility without observation of side effects for thousands of years [12, 13]. Recent studies show that it also possesses the capability of treating neural dysfunctions such as senile dementia, memory loss, and other cognitive disorders; thus the formula is used as a remedy for Alzheimer's disease in Japan [14, 15]. The amelioration of streptozotocin diabetes-induced renal damage by the herbal formula containing Poria cocos , R. Alismatis , and R. Atractylodis macrocephalae has been documented [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beneficial Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Formula Danggui-Shaoyao-San on Advanced Glycation End-Product-Mediated Renal Injury in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats

Liu

Tzeng

Liou

et al. 2012

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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The present study was undertaken to characterize the effects of Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS), a famous traditional Chinese medicine formula consisting of six herbal medicines, on diabetic nephropathy. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were orally administrated DSS (2.8 g kg−1 per day) for 12 consecutive weeks. DSS partially decreased the high plasma glucose level in diabetic rats. Diabetic-dependent alterations in urinary albumin, 24-hour urinary albumin excretion rate, and creatinine clearance as well as the kidney hypertrophy (kidney weight/body weight ratio) and glomerular mesangial matrix expansion were ameliorated after 12 weeks of DSS treatment. The increased expression of nuclear factor-κB as well as transforming growth factor-β 1 and the progressive accumulation of type IV collagen in kidney of diabetic rats were also attenuated by DSS. Not only the elevated levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and N ε-(carboxymethyl)lysine but also the higher levels of lipid peroxidation products in kidney of diabetic rats were ameliorated by DSS. Decreased activity of superoxide diamutase and glutathione peroxidase in kidney of diabetic rats was enhanced by DSS. These data demonstrated that the renoprotective effects of DSS in STZ-diabetic rats not only were attributable to regulate plasma glucose to attenuate AGEs expression in diabetic glomeruli but also likely reflected its antioxidant activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Formula Danggui-Shaoyao-San on Advanced Glycation End-Product-Mediated Renal Injury in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats

Liu

Tzeng

Liou

et al. 2012

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…Some other natural medicines can upregulate NGF in astrocytes (9,12). It has recently been suggested that some natural medicines are useful for the treatment of neurosis (7,9,19). Since none of the Trk high affinity receptors for NGF, BDNF and NT-3 are present in C2C12 cells (14,17), but are found on PC12D cells, we suggest that these neurotrophins could mediate the neurotrophic effects efficiently on the PC12D cells in the co-culture system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The effectiveness of E11, E30, E38 and E73 on muscle and neuronal cells have been reported (4-6, 8, 11, 18). Some other natural medicines can upregulate NGF in astrocytes (9,12). It has recently been suggested that some natural medicines are useful for the treatment of neurosis (7,9,19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of natural medicines that efficiently activate neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells in C2C12-cultured medium

2012

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We have studied the effects of natural medicines on neurite outgrowth in PC12D cells in a cultured medium of C2C12 cells. Derived from mouse myoblasts, the C2C12 cells secrete neurotrophic factors including nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3). The secretion of these neurotrophins from C2C12 cells stimulate neurite outgrowth in PC12D cells. We have screened a total of 120 samples and found five natural medicines: Trichosanthes Root, Asiasarum Root, Lycium Bark, Sinomenium Stem, and Dictamni radicis Cortex, that enhance the activity of C2C12-cultured medium to stimulate neurite outgrowth in PC12D cells. These natural medicines promoted not only neurite outgrowth but also stabilized the neurite formation in PC12D cells for several days. RT-PCR analysis showed that NGF was significantly increased with Trichosanthes and Lycium Bark. However, BDNF was slightly decreased with Lycium Bark, Sinomenium Stem, and Dictamni radicis Cortex. NT-3 was increased slightly by all of these natural medicines except Sinomenium Stem. All these five natural medicines significantly increased the number and length of neurites in PC12D cells in co-culture with C2C12 cells.Neurite genesis and retraction are associated with the development and pathogenesis of the nervous system. The neurotrophins-nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophin factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3)-are the factors mainly responsible for neurite outgrowth. However, because of their high molecular weights, these neurotrophins cannot cross the blood-brain barrier. Thus, the emphasis has been given to the availability of the neurotrophic factors as therapeutic agents. There are hundreds of natural medicines that have a long history of curative properties against various diseases. Recently, several synthetic compounds and natural medicines are known to enhance the action of NGF or show a similar mode of action as NGF in PC12 cells by generating neurite outgrowth (10,13,20). In this study, we have used C2C12 cells to monitor the effect of natural medicines on neurite outgrowth in PC12D cells. NGF, BDNF and NT-3 are expressed and secreted by myoblast C2C12 cells (15,17). These neurotrophins bind to the low-affinity or the high-affinity receptors in a highly specific manner on PC12 cells (3,14). The neurotrophin secretion from the C2C12 cells induces neurites in PC12 cells and neural differentiation in co-cultured systems (1, 2). For example, C2C12 cells co-cultured with neuronal ganglia promoted neurite outgrowth (17). Thus, the C2C12/PC12 system serves as a useful tool for studying neurite-promoting activators in in vitro systems (23). We investigated the effects of natural medicines on promoting and inducing neurotrophin secretion in C2C12 cells. Here we present the evidence that five natural medicines out of 120 samples promote neurite outgrowth and stabilize neurite genesis in PC12D cells co-cultured with C2C12 cells.

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“…[3132] Recent studies show that it also possesses the capability of treating neural dysfunctions such as senile dementia, memory loss, and other cognitive disorders; therefore, the formula is used as a remedy for Alzheimer's disease in Japan. [3334]…”

Section: Recent Findings From the Selected Traditional Chinese Medicimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Selected Traditional Chinese Medicinal Formulas for Treating Diabetic Nephropathy: Perspective of Modern Science

Tzeng

Liou²,

Liu³

2013

Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine

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With the increasing patients and limited therapeutic options, diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a long-term complication of diabetic mellitus. The precise mechanism of DN is not yet fully understood and the effective blockade of the progression of nephropathy remains a therapeutic challenge. Application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for diabetes and its related complications has received increasing attention due to its wide availability, low side effects, and proven therapeutic mechanisms and benefits. In the current review, we mainly focus on the recent laboratory studies of the TCM formulas including Wu-Ling-San (Poria Five Powder; Wǔ Líng Sǎn), Danggui-Buxue-Tang (Tangkuei and Astragalus Decoction; Dāng Guī Bǔ Xuè Tang), and Danggui-Shaoyao-San (Tangkuei and Paeonia Formula; Dāng Guī Sháo Yào Sǎn), conducted by the Committee on Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy at the Department of Health of Taiwan Government, in the amelioration of DN. These selected TCM formulas have anti-diabetic properties, with antihyperglycemic activity accompanied by amelioration of advanced glycation end product–mediated renal damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. However, the renoprotective effects of the selected TCM formulas did not correlate with suppressing renal renin–angiotensin system hyperactivity in diabetic rats. These TCM formulas also have the capacity to ameliorate the defective antioxidative defense system, leading to modulation of the oxidative stress, thereby resulting in downregulation of nuclear factor-kB as well as transforming growth factor-β1 and, consequently, attenuation of extracellular matrix components such as fibronectin or type IV collagen expression in diabetic renal cortex tissue. More detailed mechanistic researches and long-term clinical evaluations, as well as evaluation of safety of the selected TCM formulas are needed for their future applications in DN therapy.

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Chinese Medicine Induces Neurite Outgrowth in PC12 Mutant Cells Incapable of Differentiation

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Beneficial Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Formula Danggui-Shaoyao-San on Advanced Glycation End-Product-Mediated Renal Injury in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats

Beneficial Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Formula Danggui-Shaoyao-San on Advanced Glycation End-Product-Mediated Renal Injury in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats

Screening of natural medicines that efficiently activate neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells in C2C12-cultured medium

The Selected Traditional Chinese Medicinal Formulas for Treating Diabetic Nephropathy: Perspective of Modern Science

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