Chinua Achebe

Olaoluwa, Senayon

doi:10.2307/j.ctvh8qzxq.16

Cited by 1 publication

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…2.2.1 Refining processes of WCO: Refinement of the crude oil (waste cooking oil) is removing impurities using degumming, alkaline and bleaching treatments prior to efficient trans-esterification as earlier described in the literature [8] 2.2.2 Pretreatment of RCO: The acid esterification required the free fatty acid (FFA) value to be brought below 0.5%, and for process to proceed to transesterification 2.2.3 Trans-esterification process of WCO and RCO to methyl esters: The Trans-esterification process involved the heating of mixture of oils and methanol in molar ratio using American Society for Test and Material (ASTM) standards [14,18]…”

Section: Oil Purificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2.5 Determination of free fatty acid profile of WCME and RCME: GC-MS analysis was carried out using Varian 3800 gas -chromatography coupled with Agilent MS capillary column (30 m x 0.25 mm i.d) [8].…”

Section: Determination Of Fuel Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1 shows the RCO after it was subjected to three different refining processes of degumming, alkaline and bleaching treatments to produce biodiesel [8]. The quality of biodiesel is strongly dependent on a number of factors namely: quality of the feedstock, free fatty acid composition of the stock feed, handling, storage of the feed stock (WCO) and manufacturing process during production.…”

Section: Chemical Properties Of Wco Rco Wcme and Rcmementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spent oil may be a waste, which might be regenerated into biodiesel and this may be useful for the reduction of pollution since waste vegetable oil (WCO) is wasted into the environment. Secondly, the conversion of WCO into biodiesel may be a valuable addition of energy in existing energy grid [8]. Some edible vegetable oils like corn, canola, soybean, are used in biodiesel production and are verified diesel replacements [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Improvement of Fuel properties and Fatty Acid Composition of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil after Refining Processes

Mustapha¹,

Adepoju²,

Ajiboye³

et al. 2021

IJRSI

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This work compares the physicochemical properties and fatty acid (FA) compositions of waste cooking oil (WCO) collected after deep frying periods from local restaurant with samples of refined cooking oil (RCO) produced after degumming, alkaline and bleaching treatments. The refined oil were initially kept/stored in the refrigerator at 4 o C and the biodiesel produced was subjected to gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GCMS) for FA profile, and to Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyses to monitor esterification reactions. The degree of oil usage affected WCO properties and fatty acid composition. Density of refined cooking oil RCO and WCO varied between 0.90 and 0.93 (g/cm 3 ), and of refined cooking methyl ester (RCME) and waste cooking methyl ester (WCME) between 0.88 and 0.91 (g/cm 3 ). The pH of RCO and WCO varied between 7.36 and 8.61 and that of RCME and WCME between 5.11 and 5.59. The results of RCO and RCME showed corresponding improvements over the WCO and WCME in recovery yield, acid value, saponification value, iodine value, peroxide value, cetane number, kinematic viscosity, pour, smoke, flash, and fire points. Fatty acids analyses similarly showed comparable differences between the RCO and WCO with percent increase in octanoic ethyl acid (276.54%), benzoic acid, butyl ester (69.79%), hexadecanoic acid 15-methyl esters (267.33%) and reduction in 9,17-Octadecanoic acid (99.20%), and 9-octadecenoic acid(35.98%), respectively. The hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (54.10%) was the most abundant. This result confirms the suitableness of WCO as feedstock for biodiesel.

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Section: Oil Purificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Determination Of Fuel Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Properties Of Wco Rco Wcme and Rcmementioning

confidence: 99%