Chipnet: Enabling Large-scale Backscatter Network with Processor-free Devices

Abstract

Differing from tremendous existing works that mainly focus on optimizing backscatter communication, Radio-to-Bus (R2B) communication utilizes backscatter to offload processors from IoT devices to the gateway, achieving processor-free devices of significantly reduced power and hardware cost. However, R2B communication is not suitable for large-scale backscatter networks, since R2B cannot support parallel and long-range communication between the gateway and hundreds of R2B devices. In this paper, we present Chipnet, a network that supports hundreds of long-range and concurrent connections between the gateway and multiple processor-free devices. The high level design of Chipnet includes a parallel frequency-division uplink mechanism which can work on processor-free devices, and a processor-free MAC layer protocol which supports gateway to broadcast downlink data and individually manage each processor-free device. This design addresses practical issues facing the processor-free device architecture, such as synchronizing hundreds of processor-free devices, assigning unique channel frequencies to every device, and realizing power-efficient processor-free signal conversion. The results demonstrate that a Chipnet network can achieve a task throughput of 2400 tasks/ s with a latency of 72.23 ms . Compared with the R2B network, Chipnet achieves 3 × −5 × improvements in network coverage range, and two orders of magnitude improvement in both network throughput and network latency.