The reaction of cationic diolefinic rhodium(I) complexes with 2-(diphenylphosphino)benzaldehyde (pCHO) was studied. [Rh(cod) 2 ]ClO 4 (cod cycloocta-1,5-diene) reacted with pCHO to undergo the oxidative addition of one pCHO with (1,2,3-h)cyclooct-2-en-1-yl (h 3 -C 8 H 13 ) formation, and the coordination of a second pCHO molecule as (phosphino-kP)aldehyde-kO(s-coordination) chelate to give the 18e À acyl(allyl)rhodium(III) species [Rh(h 3 -C 8 H 13 )(pCO)(pCHO)]ClO 4 (see 1). Complex 1 reacted with [Rh(cod)(PR 3 ) 2 ]ClO 4 (R aryl) derivatives 3 ± 6 to give stable pentacoordinated 16e À acyl[(1,2,3-h)-cyclooct-2-en-1-yl]rhodium(III) species [Rh(h 3 -C 8 H 13 )(pCO)(PR 3 )]ClO 4 7 ± 10. The (1,2,3-h)-cyclooct-2-en-1-yl complexes contain cis-positioned P-atoms and were fully characterized by NMR, and the molecular structure of 1 was determined by X-ray crystal diffraction. The rhodium(III) complex 1 catalyzed the hydroformylation of hex-1-ene and produced 98% of aldehydes (n/iso 2.6).Introduction. ± The activation of CÀH bonds promoted by transition-metal complexes is an active area of research [1]. Cleavage of CÀH bonds of aldehydes and promoted by Rh may lead to acylhydrido species [2]. When the aldehyde is close to a donor atom and chelates can be formed, the corresponding acylhydrido complexes are easily obtained [3 ± 4], and some of them are active catalysts in the hydroacylation of olefins [4]. The 2-(diphenylphosphino)benzaldehyde (pCHO) has been used to add oxidatively to several late transition metals in low oxidation states [3] [5 ± 6], yielding cis-acylhydrido complexes that contain (phosphino-kP)acyl-kC chelates (pCO). Hydrido complexes containing cycloocta-1,5-diene may undergo insertion of the olefin into the MÀH bond to afford (1,4,5-h)-cyclooct-4-en-1-yl ((1-s-4,5-h 2 )-C 8 H 13 ) [7] or the corresponding p-allylic type (1,2,3-h 3 )-C 8 H 13 ) derivatives [8]. Also, [RhCl(penta-1,4-diene)] 2 has been reported to react with quinoline-8-carboxaldehyde (nCHO) to give an 18e À acylallyl compound [RhCl(h 3 -1-ethylallyl)(nCO)] 2 via an acyl(hydrido)-diolefin intermediate [9]. In contrast, the diolefinic complex [IrCl(cod)] 2 reacts with pCHO to give the thermally unstable [IrH(pCO)Cl(cod)] that has been proposed as model intermediate in the hydroacylation of olefins [5a], and we have recently reported that [RhCl(cod)] 2 and [Rh(cod)(bdh)Cl] (cod cycloocta-1,5-diene, bdh biacetyldihydrazone) react with pCHO (Rh/pCHO 1 : 2) to give acylhydrido derivatives with displacement of cycloocta-1,5-diene [10].We report now on the reaction of [Rh(cod) 2 ClO 4 with pCHO (Rh/pCHO 1 : 2), which adds oxidatively to form a fully characterized 18e À acyl[(1,2,3-h)-cyclooct-2-en-