Chiral Separation of Racemic Atracurium through β-Cyclodextrin Sulphated Sodium Modified Gold Nanoparticles/Pencil Graphite Electrode: An Eco-Friendly Voltammetric Behavior of Cisatracurium Isomer in Real Samples

Abstract

A novel electrochemical sensor for chiral separation of racemic Atracurium ‎‎(racATR) into its three isomers (cis-cis, cis-trans, trans-trans) was assembled. The sensor was ‎based on immobilization of β-cyclodextrin sulphated sodium salt (S-β-CD) with gold ‎nanoparticles (Au-NPs) on pencil graphite electrode (S-β-CD/Au-NPs/PGE). A significant ‎increase in peak currents of cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry ‎was noticed through applying this sensor. This is attributed to the electrochemical sensitivity of ‎Au-NPs along with high chiral discrimination of S-β-CD via the host-guest interaction. The sensor's construction was tested by the electrochemical ‎oxidation behavior of cisatracurium (cisATR) isomer in Britton Robinson buffer (pH=11) ‎at scan rate 30 mV s-1. The peak currents increased proportionally as the cisATR concentration ‎varying between 8.0 ×10–8 - 1.0 ×10–6 M. The correlation coefficient and limit of detection have ‎been demonstrated to be 0.9999 and 8.8 ×10–9, respectively. The analytical applications of S-β-‎CD/Au-NPs/PGE electrode were assessed through the dosage form and human plasma as a real ‎sample. The proposed method was found to be an eco-friendly electrochemical approach ‎according to the four greenness assessment tools: Analytical Eco-Scale, National ‎Environmental Method Index, Green Analytical Procedure Index, and ‎Analytical Greenness metric.