Chiral separations by capillary electrophoresis: Present state of the art

Vespalec, Radim; Boček, Petr

doi:10.1002/elps.11501501105

Cited by 66 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…31 These reviews deal with either the partial time periods [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] or the special aspects of electrophoretic chiral separations. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] An almost complete list of relevant original papers published up until the end of 1996 is given in two of these reviews.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chiral Separations in Capillary Electrophoresis

2000

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chiral Separations in Capillary Electrophoresis

2000

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“…Important questions are (i) when do SZs exist, (ii) what are their mobilities and (iii) what is their effect on the electrophoretic process. At this very moment we know that SZs are formed (1) in BGEs containing two co-ions, (2) in BGEs at very high or very low pH, whereby OH 2 or H 1 ions act as a second co-ion and (3) BGEs containing multivalent weak acids and bases at a pH round a pK value, in which two ionic forms of that component act as two co-ions. For the first case, when BGEs consisting of two co-ionic species are used, the mobilities of the SZs are lying in-between the mobilities of these two co-ions.…”

Section: System Zones In Czementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concepts of ionic mobility and effective mobility are used to describe the migration behavior, where the ionic mobility relates to the electromigration of a fully ionized substance and the effective mobility relates to the electromigration of a partially ionized substance. The effective mobility of a weak monovalent acid HA is given by [2]:…”

Section: Ph Of the Bgementioning

confidence: 99%

The preparation of background electrolytes in capillary zone electrophoresis: Golden rules and pitfalls

Beckers

Boček

2003

Electrophoresis

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In this article the methodology of the design of suitable background electrolytes (BGEs) in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is described. The principal aspects of the role of a BGE in CZE are discussed with respect to an appropiate migration behavior of analytes, including the transport of the electric current, the buffering of pH, the Joule heat, the electro-endosmotic flow (EOF) and the principal migration and detection modes. The impact of the composition of the BGE upon migration and detection is discussed. It is shown that the total concentration of the BGE is a principal factor and the adjustment of migrating analyte zones according to the Kohlrausch regulating function (KRF) is the principal effect in most of the sample stacking techniques. The number of co-ions and their properties are of key importance for peak shapes of the analyte peaks and for the existence of system zones. The detection of UV-transparent analytes may advanteously be done in the indirect UV mode, by using UV-absorbing co-ions, however, both peaks and dips may be expected in the UV trace in case of multiple co-ionic BGEs. Properties of BGEs can be predicted applying mathematical models and it is shown that with SystCharts, predictions can be given concerning the existence of system zones, detection modes and the peak shapes of analytes for a given BGE. Practical examples of methodological considerations are given in the design of suitable BGEs for four principal combinations of migration and detection modes. The properties of the BGEs selected are exemplified with experimental results. Golden rules are summarized for the preparation of suitable BGEs in CZE.

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“…The drawbacks of the derivatization approach are well known [4,73]. A general drawback is the low yield obtained on derivatization of analytes occurring in very low concentrations, and matrix effects could also be disadvantageous.…”

Section: Separation Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of enantiomeric excess by capillary electrophoresis

Blomberg

Wan

2000

Electrophoresis

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Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is becoming an established method for the determination of chiral trace impurities. This paper provides an overview of the state of the art of CE for such determinations. Detection limits of 0.1% impurity is widely accepted as a minimum requirement for chiral trace impurity determinations. This can be relatively easily achieved with CE. However, determination of lower concentrations requires careful optimization of the separation system. Four factors that are of particular significance for trace enantiomeric determinations: resolution, limit of detection, linear range and type of detection, are discussed. Further, the advantages and disadvantages of derivatization in this context are treated as well as the separation approach, ie., direct chiral separation or separation after the formation of diastereomers. It is concluded that the limit of impurity detection can be about 0.05% when UV detection is employed. Using laser-induced fluorescence detection, a quantitative determination at the 0.005% level is often possible.

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Chiral separations by capillary electrophoresis: Present state of the art

Cited by 66 publications

References 104 publications

Chiral Separations in Capillary Electrophoresis

Chiral Separations in Capillary Electrophoresis

The preparation of background electrolytes in capillary zone electrophoresis: Golden rules and pitfalls

Determination of enantiomeric excess by capillary electrophoresis

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