Chitin‐Based Organic Networks: An Integral Part of Cell Wall Biosilica in the Diatom <i>Thalassiosira pseudonana</i>

Brunner, Eike; Richthammer, Patrick; Ehrlich, Hermann; Paasch, Silvia; Simon, Paul; Ueberlein, Susanne; Pée, Karl‐Heinz van

doi:10.1002/anie.200905028

Cited by 232 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Indeed, picocyanobacteria are known for their ability to acquire amino acids and carbohydrates (Montesinos et al ., 1997; Zubkov et al ., 2003; Mary et al ., 2008; Muñoz‐Marín et al ., 2013) at low nanomolar concentrations, potential products of chitinase or protease activity. It is also possible that these exoenzymes may have a role in eliminating competitors, especially diatoms, because the latter contain chitin in their silica cell wall (Brunner et al ., 2009). Type IV pilins, like the one detected in Synechococcus sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional distinctness in the exoproteomes of marine Synechococcus

Christie-Oleza

Armengaud

Guérin

et al. 2015

Environmental Microbiology

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SummaryThe exported protein fraction of an organism may reflect its life strategy and, ultimately, the way it is perceived by the outside world. Bioinformatic prediction of the exported pan‐proteome of P rochlorococcus and S ynechococcus lineages demonstrated that (i) this fraction of the encoded proteome had a much higher incidence of lineage‐specific proteins than the cytosolic fraction (57% and 73% homologue incidence respectively) and (ii) exported proteins are largely uncharacterized to date (54%) compared with proteins from the cytosolic fraction (35%). This suggests that the genomic and functional diversity of these organisms lies largely in the diverse pool of novel functions these organisms export to/through their membranes playing a key role in community diversification, e.g. for niche partitioning or evading predation. Experimental exoproteome analysis of marine S ynechococcus showed transport systems for inorganic nutrients, an interesting array of strain‐specific exoproteins involved in mutualistic or hostile interactions (i.e. hemolysins, pilins, adhesins), and exoenzymes with a potential mixotrophic goal (i.e. exoproteases and chitinases). We also show how these organisms can remodel their exoproteome, i.e. by increasing the repertoire of interaction proteins when grown in the presence of a heterotroph or decrease exposure to prey when grown in the dark. Finally, our data indicate that heterotrophic bacteria can feed on the exoproteome of S ynechococcus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional distinctness in the exoproteomes of marine Synechococcus

Christie-Oleza

Armengaud

Guérin

et al. 2015

Environmental Microbiology

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“…In T. pseudonana, several of the APT genes proposed to be involved in longchain polyamine synthesis due to their predicted protein domain structure (Anthony 2011) are upregulated by silicic acid and iron starvation, suggesting a potential role in the observed response of the frustule to iron starvation (Mock et al 2008). Chitin is another compound embedded within the frustule of T. pseudonana (Brunner et al 2009) and likely other members of the Thalassiosirales lineage. Chitin synthase genes are found in diverse diatoms and are also part of a multi-copy gene family (Durkin et al 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

Frustule‐related gene transcription and the influence of diatom community composition on silica precipitation in an iron‐limited environment

Durkin

Marchetti

Bender

et al. 2012

Limnology & Oceanography

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A microcosm study in iron-limited waters of the northeast subarctic Pacific Ocean was conducted to examine how iron availability affects the frustule-related response of individual diatoms and thus the total quantity of silica precipitated by the community. New silica precipitated per cell was estimated using the fluorescent cell stain 2-(4-pyridyl)-5{[4-dimethylaminoethyl-aminocarbamoyl)-methoxy]phenyl}oxazole (PDMPO). Differences in new silica precipitation within a particular genus before and after iron enrichment were small compared to differences among genera, indicating that the quantity of total silica precipitated is particularly sensitive to community composition. Transcriptional patterns of genes encoding silicon transporters, aminopropyltransferases, chitin synthases, and a protein with uncharacterized function were measured in natural populations to identify indicators of the frustule-related responses of different genera to iron limitation. Transcripts associated with silicon transporters were the most readily detectable in three metatranscriptome datasets and were capable of resolving species composition shifts and physiological responses. Silicon transporter transcripts from a distinct phylogenetic clade were most abundant in the iron-limited community, and transcripts from a separate clade were more abundant in the community that bloomed after iron enrichment. Transcripts of the gene present in the ironlimited community were also more abundant in iron-limited laboratory cultures of Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries, suggesting that this gene plays a role in silicon uptake during iron limitation. The responses of individual cells, as detected in this study, determine how the community influences silicon cycling in iron-limited environments.

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“…Isolation of macromolecules found in diatom frustules, and in vitro studies of their silica polymerization activity, has led to the development of a model whereby micropatterns are produced by interactions between several components. Silica polymerizes on a structural scaffold composed of glycoproteins and other organic macromolecules, the ammonium fluoride insoluble matrix (Brunner et al, 2009;Tesson and Hildebrand, 2013;Kotzsch et al, 2016). The morphology and mesoscale patterning of the forming diatom silica is also controlled by interactions with the cytoskeleton as the silicon deposition vesicle (SDV) expands, and by components of the membrane surrounding the SDV (the silicalemma; Tesson and Hildebrand, 2010a,b;Tesson et al, 2017).…”

Section: Cellular and Molecular Aspects Of Evolutionary Competitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition between Silicifiers and Non-silicifiers in the Past and Present Ocean and Its Evolutionary Impacts

et al. 2018

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Competition is a central part of the evolutionary process, and silicification is no exception: between biomineralized and non-biomineralized organisms, between siliceous and non-siliceous biomineralizing organisms, and between different silicifying groups. Here we discuss evolutionary competition at various scales, and how this has affected biogeochemical cycles of silicon, carbon, and other nutrients. Across geological time we examine how fossils, sediments, and isotopic geochemistry can provide evidence for the emergence and expansion of silica biomineralization in the ocean, and competition between silicifying organisms for silicic acid. Metagenomic data from marine environments can be used to illustrate evolutionary competition between groups of silicifying and non-silicifying marine organisms. Modern ecosystems also provide examples of arms races between silicifiers as predators and prey, and how silicification can be used to provide a competitive advantage for obtaining resources. Through studying the molecular biology of silicifying and non-silicifying species we can relate how they have responded to the competitive interactions that are observed, and how solutions have evolved through convergent evolutionary dynamics.

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Chitin‐Based Organic Networks: An Integral Part of Cell Wall Biosilica in the Diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana

Cited by 232 publications

References 47 publications

Functional distinctness in the exoproteomes of marine Synechococcus

Functional distinctness in the exoproteomes of marine Synechococcus

Frustule‐related gene transcription and the influence of diatom community composition on silica precipitation in an iron‐limited environment

Competition between Silicifiers and Non-silicifiers in the Past and Present Ocean and Its Evolutionary Impacts

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