Chitin Nanocrystals Provide Antioxidant Activity to Polylactic Acid Films

Yanat, Murat; Colijn, Ivanna; Schroën, Karin

doi:10.3390/polym14142965

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…The latter source is currently considered a waste product from the fishery industry, but the extraction of chitin could provide added value. Chitin and its derivate chitosan are biocompatible, biodegradable, ecologically safe, have low toxicity, and show antioxidant and antimicrobial activities [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Consequently, these natural amino polysaccharides are often considered as being the perfect building blocks for a wide variety of products; a few examples are wound-dressing materials [ 5 , 6 ], clarification agents for the food industry [ 7 , 8 ], and fillers for rubbers and thermoplastics [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], in addition to many others [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Degree of Acetylation of Chitin Nanocrystals Measured by Various Analysis Methods

et al. 2023

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Chitin and its derivate chitosan have versatile properties and have been used in various applications. One key parameter determining the functionality of chitin-based materials is the degree of acetylation (DA). For DA determination, NMR and FTIR spectroscopy are often considered to be the gold standard, but these techniques may not always be available and are rather time-consuming and costly. The first derivative UV method has been suggested, although accurate measurements can be challenging for materials with high degrees of acetylation, due to hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) formation and other side reactions occurring. In this paper, we re-evaluated the first derivate UV method for chitin and chitosan powder, chitin nanocrystals, and deacetylated chitin nanocrystals. Our results showed that the first derivative UV method is capable of measuring DA with high accuracy (>0.9), leading to values comparable to those obtained by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FTIR. Moreover, by-product formation could either be suppressed by selecting the proper experimental conditions, or be compensated. For chitin nanocrystals, DA calculation deviations up to 20% due to by-product formation can be avoided with the correction that we propose. We conclude that the first derivative UV method is an accessible method for DA quantification, provided that sample solubility is warranted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Degree of Acetylation of Chitin Nanocrystals Measured by Various Analysis Methods

et al. 2023

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“…Addition of nanoparticles may lead to additional functionality of packaging material, that can be instrumental in 'active packaging concepts' (Figure 8.10). Chitin based products (including chitosan) have antifungal and antioxidant properties [36,[358][359][360][361][362], and there are indications that these properties remain when used in combination with polymers. This is an important lead for the food industry that aims toward more natural ways to protect its products.…”

Section: Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 8.10: (A) DPPH inhibition as function of nanocrystal addition (B) where PLA nanocomposites show higher activity when chitin nanocrystals were placed on top of the plastic film instead of inside[358].…”

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confidence: 99%

Multiscale investigation and characterization of nanoparticle reinforced plastics : Toward a circular plastics economy

Colijn¹

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petroleum-based plastics are the result of years of innovation, while bioplastics are still in their infancy, and various options for improvement are considered. These options relate both to the material as such, as well as the processes that are used and need to be tuned to make bioplastics that meet specific requirements. Previously water vapour permeability was discussed as a point of improvement, but in terms of oxygen transfer, bioplastic may already outperform fossil-based plastics; this is highly relevant for the suppression of oxidation reactions that lead to considerable reductions in shelf-life of food products, and food waste. Techniques to alter bioplastic properties?To arrive at a new generation of plastic products that fit within a circular economy, we need to be in a position to fine-tune and alter bioplastic properties at will. Table 1.1 summarizes the pros and cons of potential routes to do so. In light of a transition toward a circular economy, it is important to design materials that are:• biodegradable/compostable and/or recyclable.• meet the required material properties for its envisioned purpose.This can be challenging when considering multi-layered bioplastic films or by blending different bioplastics together given the limited biobased plastics that are currently available.Alternatively, the available biopolymers can be modified (e.g., chemical grafting [27]), or plasticizers and/or micro/nanoparticles can be added [28]. The latter route offers opportunities to create materials with additional functionality through the micro/nanoparticles of choice. Toyota was the first to patent a polymeric nanocomposite (nylon-6 composite 5% nano-clay polyamide [29]), which resulted in a significantly higher tensile strength and resistance to heat distortion. Interestingly, nanocomposites are widely applied in the aviation and automotive industry. Also in food packaging, they have been shown to lead to improved mechanical strength, barrier properties, and altered thermal profile [30][31][32][33][34][35]. Additionally, depending on the selected materials, nanocomposites even possess added functionality related to antioxidant/antimicrobial effects [26,[36][37][38][39]. Despite this wealth of evidence, the potential to use nanoparticles in bioplastic applications is highly underexplored and therefore the focus of this thesis. Adjusting existing processes Reuse, reduce, and recycle of traditional plastics (R9 -R1) Traditional and alternatives co-exist Development alternatives Circular bio-economy (> R0)

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