Chitin utilization by marine bacteria. Degradation and catabolism of chitin oligosaccharides by Vibrio furnissii.

Bassler, Bonnie L.; Yu, Charles; Lee, Y. C.; Roseman, Saul

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)54225-3

Cited by 145 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Bassler et al (1991a) described the induction of two or more receptors recognizing (GlcNAc)o, n = 2 to 4. Bassler et al (1991b) described the utilization of chitin oligomers by the cells. They characterized two cell-associated enzymes hydrolysing oligomers that entered the periplasmic space: a membrane-bound chitodextrinase and an N-acetylglucosaminidase.…”

Section: A Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology of microbial degradation of chitin and chitosan

Gooday

1994

Biochemistry of Microbial Degradation

103

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Chi tin, the (1-4 )-J3-linked homopolymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (Fig. 1), is produced in enormous amounts in the biosphere. A recent working estimate for both annual production and steady-state amount is of the order of lO lD to 1011 tons (Gooday 1990a). Chitin is utilized as a structural component by most species alive today. Its phylogenetic distribution is clearly defined: (a) Prokaryotes. Despite its chemical similarity to the polysaccharide backbone of peptidoglycan, chitin has only been reported as a possible component of streptomycete spores and of the stalks of some prosthecate bacteria. (b) Protista. Chitin provides the tough structural material for many protists; in cyst walls of some ciliates and amoebae; in the lorica walls of some ciliates and chrysophyte algae; in the flotation spines of centric diatoms; and in the walls of some chlorophyte algae and oomycete fungi (Gooday 1990a). (c) Fungi. Chitin appears to be ubiquitous in the fungi (Bartnicki-Garcia and Lippman 1982). Reported exceptions, such as Schizosaccharomyces, prove to have small but essential amounts of chitin. Pneumocystis carinii, of uncertain affinity, has chitin in the walls of its cysts and trophozoites (Walker et a1. 1990). (d) Animals. Chitin is the characteristic tough material playing a range of structural roles among most invertebrates (Jeuniaux 1963(Jeuniaux , 1982. It is absent from vertebrates. (e) Plants. Chitin sensu stricto is probably absent from plants, but polymers rich in (1-4)-J3-linked N-acetylglucosamine have been reported (Benhamou and Asselin 1989). Chitin occurs in a wide variety of manners. Three hydrogen-bonded crystalline forms have been characterised: a-chitin with antiparallel chains, 13chitin with parallel chains and )I-chitin with a three-chain unit cell, two "up"one "down" (Blackwell 1988). a-Chitin is by far the most common, being the form found in fungi and most protistan and invertebrate exoskeletons. The importance of physical form to biological function is indicated by squid, Loligo,

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Section: A Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology of microbial degradation of chitin and chitosan

Gooday

1994

Biochemistry of Microbial Degradation

103

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“…Chitin is the second most abundant polymerized saccharide (100 billion tons per year) in nature and is widely distributed in fungal cell walls and arthropod exoskeletons. , Because the rigid chitinous matrix restricts individual growth and development, chitin degradation is a key event for chitin-containing organisms during remodeling. − Some microorganisms produce chitinolytic enzymes to fully degrade chitin into the building block N -acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) for use as a carbon and nitrogen source. − Thus, investigating chitin degradation is important for insect-mediated epidemic disease control, crop protection, and perhaps, biomass transformation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic Analysis of Insect Molting Fluid with a Focus on Enzymes Involved in Chitin Degradation

Chen

et al. 2014

J. Proteome Res.

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Cuticular chitin degradation is extremely important for insect growth and development, which has not been fully understood thus far. One obstacle to understanding this mechanism is the lack of a systematic analysis of the chitinolytic enzymes involved in cuticular chitin degradation. In this study, we used the silkmoth Bombyx mori as a model organism and compared proteomic analyses for larval-pupal (L-P) and pupal-adult (P-A) molting fluids using tandem mass tag quantitative mass spectrometry. There were 195 proteins identified from both L-P and P-A molting fluids. A total of 170 out of 195 proteins were deduced to be secretory and were enriched for GO terms associated with chitin metabolism and proteolysis by using AgriGO. Although the chitinolytic enzymes are encoded by many insect genes, the proteomics analysis unexpectedly showed that only four chitinolytic enzymes with the combination "211" were abundant in both molting fluids, namely, two insect GH18 Chitinase family members (ChtI and ChtII), one bacterial-type GH18 Chitinase (Chi-h), and one insect GH20 hexosaminidase (Hex1). A tissue-specific and stage-specific gene expression pattern verified that the "211" enzymes are involved in cuticular chitin degradation. This work first demonstrates that specific enzymes ChtI, ChtII, Chi-h, and Hex1 can be assigned to cuticular chitin degradation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Endochitinases cleave off smaller oligomers (16). These oligomers cannot be readily taken up by microbial cells and need to be further broken down into dimers or monomers that can be imported and metabolised (17). Exochitinases cleave off monomers or dimers and can be further subdivided into chitobiosidases (18) and β-1,4- N -acetyglucosaminidases (19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of interspecies interactions on marine community ecosystem function

Daniels

Stubbusch

Held

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Microbial communities perform key ecosystem processes collectively. One such process is the degradation of carbohydrate polymers, which are the dominant pool of organic carbon in natural environments. Carbohydrate polymers are often degraded in a stepwise manner. Individual steps are performed by different microbial species, which form trophic cascades with carbon polymers at the bottom and fully oxidised carbon at the top. It is widely believed that these trophic cascades are hierarchically organised, where organisms at each level rely on organisms at the levels below. However, whether and how the higher-level organisms can also affect processes at the lower levels is not well understood. Here we studied how carbohydrate polymer degradation mediated by secreted enzymes is affected by species at higher trophic levels, i.e., species that cannot produce the enzymes for polymer degradation but can grow in presence of the polymer degraders. We used growth and enzyme assays in combination with transcriptomics to study how chitin degradation by a number of Vibrio strains is affected by the presence of different cross-feeders that consume metabolic by-products. We found that interactions between the degraders and cross-feeders influence the rate of chitin degradation by the community. Furthermore, we show that this is a result of changes in chitinase expression by degraders. Overall, our results demonstrate that interactions between species can influence key ecosystem functions performed by individuals within microbial communities. These results challenge the perspective that trophic cascades based on metabolically coupled microbial communities are unidirectional and provide mechanistic insights into these downstream interactions.

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Chitin utilization by marine bacteria. Degradation and catabolism of chitin oligosaccharides by Vibrio furnissii.

Cited by 145 publications

References 38 publications

Physiology of microbial degradation of chitin and chitosan

Physiology of microbial degradation of chitin and chitosan

Proteomic Analysis of Insect Molting Fluid with a Focus on Enzymes Involved in Chitin Degradation

Effects of interspecies interactions on marine community ecosystem function

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