Chitinase-3-like protein 1 levels in bipolar disorder

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between the expression level and biologic role of YKL-40 in bipolar disorder (BD). Methods: This case-control study was conducted in the Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey in 2015. One hundred and four patients diagnosed as having bipolar disorder (DSM5 criteria), and 96 participants were included as healthy controls in this study. A human YKL-40 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was used to measure the serum YKL-40 levels. As independent variables, we collected data on C-reactive protein (CRP), demographic variables, and medications. Results: The mean YLK-40 levels for the BD was 2723.5±543.8 pg/ml and control groups was 2132.5±576.3 pg/ml (t=7.42, p <0.001). The mean CRP levels for the BD was 0.4±0.6 mg/dl and control groups was 0.4±0.7 mg/dl (t=0.02, p =0.985). The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis revealed an area under the curve (AUC) of YKL-40 in the diagnosis of BD as 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72-0.85) with a sensitivity of 82.7% and specificity of 68.1% at a cutoff level of 2307.1 pg/ml. The use of antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood modifiers, and the presence of any comorbidity was not related to the YKL-40 levels ( p >0.05). Conclusion: With acceptable sensitivity and specificity levels, the YKL-40 can be utilized as a marker in the diagnosis and follow-up of BD.

Fecal microbiota transplantation from individual with bipolar disorder and healthy control elicits distinct behaviors and metabolite profiles in mice

“…Metabolic syndromes are also linked to neuroinflammation [62], which could explain increased Chil3 (chitinase-3-like protein) expression in the amygdalas of BD mice. Chil3 is produced by myeloid cells in rodents in response to neuroinflammation [63][64][65], and in humans, elevated serum levels of Chil3L1 (chitinase-3-like protein 1) have been identified in BD patients [66] and individuals with neuroinflammatory conditions [67]. However, there was no differential expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and glial markers in the colons and amygdalas of BD mice.…”

“…In humans, Chil3L1 (chitinase-3-like protein 1) is expressed in several cell types including glial cells, and is involved in the inflammatory processes of the innate immune system [98]. Importantly, elevated serum levels of Chil3L1 have been identified in BD patients [99] as well as in individuals with neuroinflammatory conditions [100].…”

A serum proteomic study of two case-control cohorts identifies novel biomarkers for bipolar disorder

“…Our primary analysis identified 32 biomarkers that were associated with bipolar disorder in both cohorts. Of these, 22 are novel with respect to bipolar disorder, while serum or plasma concentrations of AM [ 32 ], CCL3 [ 33 – 35 ], CCL4 [ 33 , 36 ], CCL20 [ 37 ], CCL25 [ 38 , 39 ], CHI3L1 [ 40 , 41 ], GDF-15 [ 39 ], IL-10 [ 39 ], MMP-7 [ 37 ], and TNF-R1 [ 39 ] have previously been reported to be higher in patients with bipolar disorder than controls. In line with the inflammatory hypothesis of bipolar disorder [ 42 ], we report altered levels of both proinflammatory (IL-17RB, IL-12, IL-12B) and regulatory (IL-10) cytokines and receptors, as well as chemokines (CXCL16, CCL3, CCL4, CCL20, CCL25), whereof only CCL3 was suggestively associated with medication.…”

G721-0282 Exerts Anxiolytic-Like Effects on Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress in Mice Through Inhibition of Chitinase-3-Like 1-Mediated Neuroinflammation

“…CHI3L1 is up-regulated in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and asthma ( Querol-Vilaseca et al, 2017 ). It is also reported that CHI3L1 is up-regulated in patients with chronic neurological disease such as Alzheimer’s disease, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia ( Bonneh-Barkay et al, 2010 ; Choi et al, 2018 ; Sahin et al, 2019 ). In our previous studies, we found that CHI3L1 deficiency attenuates inflammation-induced liver injury, and that administration of an inhibitor of CHI3L1 restores memory by alleviating neuroinflammation in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model ( Choi et al, 2018 ; Lee et al, 2019 ).…”