Chitinase and changes of microbial community in soil

Hanzlíková, A.; Jandera, A.

doi:10.1007/bf02891700

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A decrease in chitinase activity such as we observed indicates a reduction in bacterial abundance, a reduction in the importance of chitin as a source of C and N, or an increase in the availability of more labile forms of organic matter (Hanzlikova and Jandera 1993). As chitin is intermediate in its resistance to microbial metabolism, its synthesis is only induced when other, more labile C and N sources are absent (Hanzlikova and Jandera 1993). In general, this trend is consistent with our results, as chitinase activity and C:N ratios were reduced relative to the Control in year 3 (Miesel 2009).…”

Section: Soil Enzyme Activitymentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Boyle et al (2005) showed that phosphatase activity increased in a composite treatment (thinning, burning and litter reduction) and was not affected by thinning alone, relative to a control; however, this effect was observed only during wet rather than dry soil conditions. A decrease in chitinase activity such as we observed indicates a reduction in bacterial abundance, a reduction in the importance of chitin as a source of C and N, or an increase in the availability of more labile forms of organic matter (Hanzlikova and Jandera 1993). As chitin is intermediate in its resistance to microbial metabolism, its synthesis is only induced when other, more labile C and N sources are absent (Hanzlikova and Jandera 1993).…”

Section: Soil Enzyme Activitymentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The suite of three exoenzymes we assayed gives an indication of changes in the activity of several components of the microbial community (Hanzlikova and Jandera 1993). In general, soil microbial activity, as measured by the enzymes acid phosphatase, chitinase and phenol oxidase, was reduced by Thin, Burn, and Thin'Burn.…”

Section: Soil Enzyme Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil nitrogen mineralization and enzymatic activities in fire and fire surrogate treatments in California

2011

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Miesel, J. R., Boerner, R. E. J. and Skinner, C. N. 2011. Soil nitrogen mineralization and enzymatic activities in fire and fire surrogate treatments in California. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 935–946. Forest thinning and prescribed fire are management strategies used to reduce hazardous fuel loads and catastrophic wildfires in western mixed-conifer forests. We evaluated effects of thinning (Thin) and prescribed fire (Burn), alone and in combination (Thin+Burn), on N transformations and microbial enzyme activities relative to an untreated control (Control) at 1 and 3 yr following treatment in northern California. N mineralization and net nitrification were reduced by Thin and by Burn in year 1, and N mineralization was increased by Thin+Burn in year 3, relative to the Control. In general, all experimental treatments reduced soil enzyme activity. To identify overall treatment effects on the below-ground ecosystem, we combined these data with soil physicochemical data from this site to perform non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) ordination. NMS ordination showed that Burn and Thin+Burn produced the greatest overall effects on soil, and that overall differences in soil characteristics among treatments diminish over time. These results provide an important benchmark for monitoring ecosystem effects of large-scale wildfire hazard reduction strategies over the long term.

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Section: Soil Enzyme Activitymentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Soil Enzyme Activitymentioning

confidence: 79%

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Soil nitrogen mineralization and enzymatic activities in fire and fire surrogate treatments in California

2011

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“…Fire can preferentially favor chitonolytic organisms (mainly bacteria) to produce more chitin in the post-fire environment [81]. In high N environment, as in the PF stand, chitin can depress chitinase (NAG) activity [82].…”

Section: Aboveground-belowground Controls On Nutrient Bioavailabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery from fire affects spatial variability of nutrient availability in boreal aspen ecosystems

2018

Preprint

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Fire is a key driver of nutrient biogeochemistry in boreal ecosystems. Although a significant amount of research has been conducted to understand boreal fire ecology, it is still unclear how fire affects the spatial distribution of nutrients and what mechanisms are responsible for the postfire recovery of spatial patterns. In this study, we examined spatial variability in soil nutrient bioavailability and related aboveground (AG) and belowground (BG) properties in three boreal aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) stands in northern Alberta at different stages of post-fire recovery. The studied sites include a 1-year old post fire stand (PF), a 9-year old stand at canopy closure (CC), and a 72-year old mature stand (MA). Ion exchange resin was used to measure nutrient bioavailability in-situ and was related to AG (vegetation and forest floor characteristics) and BG (soil microbial and chemical) properties. Significant spatial patterns were found in all three stands. PF stand had the greatest coarse scale spatial patterns (> 23 m) and availability of major macronutrients (N, P, and K). Shorter spatial range (5 to 10 m) of nutrient availability was observed in the stand with longest time since fire. Soil microbial activity was the strongest driver of nutrient availability in the PF stand, whereas contributions from aboveground variables such as understory vegetation, tree canopy cover, coarse woody debris (CWD), distance to nearest tree, and tree size was observed only in the CC and MA stands. The findings from the current study suggest that post-fire nutrient availability follows spatially predictable patterns, and confirm the hypothesis that stand replacing fire creates uniformity in nutrient availability and that the development of post-fire heterogeneity is a product of increasing ecosystem complexity.

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“…Acid phosphatase was chosen as an indicator of overall microbial activity because its activity is strongly correlated with microbial biomass (Kandeler and Edler 1993), microbial biomass N (Clarholm 1993), fungal hyphal length (Häussling and Marschner 1989), and N mineralization (Decker et al 1999). Chitinase is a bacterial enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of chitin, a byproduct of both fungi and arthropods, into carbohydrates and inorganic N. As chitin is intermediate in its resistance to microbial metabolism, the synthesis of chitinase is only induced when other, more labile C and N sources are absent (Hanzlikova and Jandera 1993). Phenol oxidase is produced primarily by white rot fungi and is specific for highly recalcitrant organic matter, such as lignin (Carlile and Watkinson 1994).…”

Section: Soil Sampling and Laboratory Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Wildfire mitigation strategies affect soil enzyme activity and soil organic carbon in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) forests

Boerner¹,

Waldrop²,

Shelburne³

2006

Can. J. For. Res.

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We quantified the effects of three wildfire hazard reduction treatments (prescribed fire, thinning from below, and the combination of fire and thinning), and passive management (control) on mineral soil organic C, and enzyme activity in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) forests on the Piedmont of South Carolina. Soil organic C was reduced by thinning, either alone or with prescribed fire, and this effect persisted through the fourth post-treatment year. Fire also resulted in reduced soil organic C, but not until several years after treatment. Soil C/N ratio initially increased after fire, either alone or with thinning, but this difference did not persist. The activities of three soil enzymes (acid phosphatase, chitinase, and phenol oxidase) in the upper mineral soil were quantified as measures of microbial activity. During the fourth post-treatment year we observed significant stimulation of all three enzyme systems as a result of thinning or thinning and burning. Although the patterns of variation in acid phosphatase and chitinase activity among treatments were similar during the first and fourth post-treatment years, the first-year treatment effects were not statistically significant. Given the management objective of utilizing these stands for timber production, the increased potential for rapid nutrient turnover offered by thinning gives this approach advantages over prescribed fire; however, management for maximum long-term storage of soil C may be better facilitated by prescribed fire.

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Chitinase and changes of microbial community in soil

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

Soil nitrogen mineralization and enzymatic activities in fire and fire surrogate treatments in California

Soil nitrogen mineralization and enzymatic activities in fire and fire surrogate treatments in California

Recovery from fire affects spatial variability of nutrient availability in boreal aspen ecosystems

Wildfire mitigation strategies affect soil enzyme activity and soil organic carbon in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) forests

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