Chito-oligosaccharides as an Alternative to Antimicrobials in Improving Performance, Digestibility and Microbial Ecology of the Gut in Weanling Pigs

Han, Kiseok; Kwon, I.K.; Lohakare, J. D.; Heo, Sun-Heang; Chae, B. J.

doi:10.5713/ajas.2007.556

Cited by 57 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Although positive effects have been reported on poultry consuming chitosan or buckwheat alone (Hirano et al, 1990;Razdan & Pettersson, 1994;Kondo & Osad 1996;Tanaka et al, 1997;Mei 2011), this is the first report on positive lipid profile-changing effects of buckwheat with trace amounts of chitosan. Several animal studies have confirmed that supplementing chitosan at up to 50 g/kg in feed has no negative effects on the growth and feed intake of the treated animals (Kobayashi et al, 2002;2006;Han et al, 2007;Hossain & Blair, 2007;Khambualai et al, 2009;Yan & Kim, 2011). Results in the present study agree with those findings as no detrimental effects of chitosan at up to 500 mg/kg were recorded.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Dietary effects of chitosan and buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum esculentum</i>) on the performance and serum lipid profile of broiler chicks

Sayed¹,

Islam²,

Haque

et al. 2015

SA J. An. Sci.

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This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) alone or in combination with chitosan, in broiler diets, on the growth, feed intake and serum lipid profile of broilers. Starting as 10-day olds, 144 Cobb 500 broiler chicks were fed six manually prepared diets containing 0%, 10%, 20% or 30% buckwheat, or 10% buckwheat supplemented with 250 mg chitosan or 500 mg chitosan/kg. The trial lasted 32 days. Buckwheat alone or in combination with chitosan had no effects on the growth and feed intake of the broilers. Until 15 days lipid profiles in blood sera did not change in birds fed buckwheat alone or buckwheat in combination with chitosan. However, at day 30 the inclusion of 10% -30% buckwheat alone and 10% buckwheat with 250 mg chitosan/kg or with 500 mg chitosan/kg showed a significant increase in serum HDL-cholesterol concentration and a decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol concentrations in the serum compared with the control. This demonstrates for the first time that the feeding of higher levels of buckwheat (20% or more) alone or lower levels of buckwheat (10%) with trace amounts of chitosan influenced the lipid profiles of broilers positively. Because hazardous antibiotics are banned in poultry feed, including of buckwheat with trace amounts of chitosan in broiler diets might be a useful alternative to antibiotics in the poultry industry.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Dietary effects of chitosan and buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum esculentum</i>) on the performance and serum lipid profile of broiler chicks

Sayed¹,

Islam²,

Haque

et al. 2015

SA J. An. Sci.

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“…Previous studies investigating the effects of COS on nutrient digestibility have been variable. Han et al (2007) Table 4 The effect of COS supplementation at different MW on faecal lactic acid bacteria and Escherichia coli populations (least square means and s.e.) Means with the same superscript alphabets within rows are not significantly different (P .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of supplementing varying molecular weights of chitooligosaccharide on performance, selected microbial populations and nutrient digestibility in the weaned pig

Walsh

Sweeney

Bahar

et al. 2013

Animal

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An experiment (complete randomised design) was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing different molecular weights (MW) of chitooligosaccharide (COS) on pig performance, selected microbial populations and nutrient digestibility post-weaning. A total of 396 weaned piglets (24 days of age, 7.3 kg 6 (s.d.) 1.7 kg live weight) were assigned to one of six dietary treatments (22 replicates/ treatment) for a 33-day experimental period. The dietary treatments were as follows (1) control diet (0 ppm COS), (2) control diet plus ,1 kDa COS, (3) control diet plus 3 to 5 kDa COS, (4) control diet plus 5 to 10 kDa COS, (5) control diet plus 10 to 50 kDa COS and (6) control diet plus 50 to 100 kDa COS. The COS were included at 250 ppm in the diets. There was no significant effect of dietary treatment on piglet performance during the starter period (days 0 to 18; P . 0.05). However, there were quadratic responses in both daily gain (P , 0.05) and gain to feed ratio (P , 0.05) to the increased MW of COS inclusion during the weaner period (days 18 to 33) with all COS-supplemented treatments improving daily gain and gain to feed ratio compared with the control. There was a quadratic response in faecal scoring to the increased MW of COS inclusion from days 0 to 7 (P , 0.001), days 7 to 14 (P , 0.001) and during the overall experimental period (P , 0.01) with all the COS-supplemented treatments having an improved faecal score compared with the control. During the weaner period, there was a cubic response in lactic acid bacteria and Escherichia coli populations as the MW of COS increased (P , 0.05). The 5 to 10 kDa and 10 to 50 kDa COS increased lactic acid bacteria populations compared with the control, whereas lactic acid bacteria populations decreased at 50 to 100 kDa. The 5 to 10 kDa, 10 to 50 kDa and 50 to 100 kDa COS decreased E. coli populations compared with the control. There was a cubic response in the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM; P , 0.01), organic matter (OM; P , 0.01), ash (P , 0.01), nitrogen (N; P , 0.01) and gross energy (GE; P , 0.01) to the increased MW of COS inclusion during the weaner period. The 5 to 10 kDa COS had a higher apparent total tract digestibility of DM, OM, ash, N and GE in comparison to the control, whereas the apparent total tract nutrient digestibility of these nutrients decreased at 10 to 50 kDa. The current results indicate that the MW ranges of 5 to 10 kDa and 10 to 50 kDa COS decreased E. coli numbers while increasing nutrient digestibility of the diets.

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“…This pronounced effect for piglet growth seems to be related the ability of COS to act as a selective agent for gut bacteria, inhibiting the proliferation of noxious bacteria such as E. coli or Bacillus cereus (HAN et al, 2007;KUMAR et al, 2007;XIAO et al, 2014). This may be favorable for performance due to a reduction in the incidence of diarrhea (HAN et al, 2007;XU et al, 2013;WANG et al, 2012). In the present study, there was no significance for diarrhea because of the reduced sanitary challenge, reducing the benefits of COS. (PINHEIRO et al, 2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…The lesion score average, intestinal morphometry, goblet cell numbers, and inflammatory cells were used in the statistical analysis with 30 fields per segment and Chitooligosaccharide for piglets: effects on performance, viscera and intestinal morphometry (HAN et al, 2007;XU et al, 2013;WANG et al, 2012), with good results right after weaning. This pronounced effect for piglet growth seems to be related the ability of COS to act as a selective agent for gut bacteria, inhibiting the proliferation of noxious bacteria such as E. coli or Bacillus cereus (HAN et al, 2007;KUMAR et al, 2007;XIAO et al, 2014). This may be favorable for performance due to a reduction in the incidence of diarrhea (HAN et al, 2007;XU et al, 2013;WANG et al, 2012).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chitooligosaccharide for piglets: effects on performance, viscera and intestinal morphometry

Oliveira

Silva

Lozano

et al. 2017

SCA

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the dose-response effect of a chitooligosaccharide (COS) produced by Universidade Estadual de Londrina over performance, diarrhea episodes, visceral characteristics and morphometry. A total of 72 Pen Ar Lan ® piglets were weaned at 23 days and 7.51 ± 1.35 kg of BW. The treatment was a basic diet plus inclusion of 0, 50, 100, or 150 ppm of COS (100 mg/kg). For the visceral and morphometric evaluation, 24 animals were slaughtered at 31 days of age with 11.01 ± 1.25 kg of BW. No regression effect over the performance or diarrhea prevalence was observed. Higher doses of COS led to higher absolute values for large intestine weight, villus height in the jejunum and crypt depth in the jejunum and ileum; the villus/crypt ratio in the ileum was higher until the level of 100 ppm COS. More lesions were observed in the intestinal epithelium along with a higher total number of lymphocytes and eosinophils in the duodenum. High numbers of eosinophils were observed in the ileum when a higher level of COS was used. In general, increasing levels of COS led to better intestinal morphometry and activated somatic cells in the lamina propria of the piglet intestine; however, no influence was observed in the productive performance of these animals. Considering all studied parameters, the COS level of 100 ppm was the most promising under these experimental conditions. Key words: Nursery. Diarrhea. Prebiotic. Performance. Alternative. Oliveira, E. R. et al. Resumoe peso de órgãos de leitões aos 31 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 72 leitões de genética Pen Ar Lan®, desmamados com idade média inicial de 23 dias e peso de 7,51 ± 1,35 kg. Os tratamentos consistiram em uma dieta base com os níveis de inclusão de 0, 50, 100 e 150 ppm de QOS. Para a avaliação visceral e morfohistométrica, 24 animais foram abatidos aos 31 dias de idade e peso de 11,01 ± 1,25 kg. Não houve efeito de regressão sobre o desempenho ou incidência de diarreia. O aumento da dose utilizada de QOS levou a um aumento nos valores referentes ao peso relativo do intestino grosso, à altura de vilosidades de jejuno e à profundidade de cripta no jejuno e íleo, enquanto que, a relação vilos/cripta deste último segmento foi crescente apenas até o uso de 100 ppm de QOS. Observou-se aumento de lesões no epitélio intestinal e contagem de linfócitos e eosinófilos no duodeno e eosinófilos também no íleo com o aumento da dose do QOS até 150 ppm. De maneira geral, os níveis crescentes de QOS melhoraram a morfofisiologia intestinal e ativaram a células somáticas na lâmina própria do intestino dos leitões, entretanto, não houve influência sobre o desempenho produtivo dos animais. Frente a todos os parâmetros estudados, o nível de 100 ppm de QOS mostrou-se o mais promissor para as condições propostas por este experimento. Palavras-chave: Creche. Diarreia. Prebiótico. Performance. Alternativa.the inflammatory process in the intestine (HAN et al., 2007;MA et al., 2014;YIN et al., 2008).

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Chito-oligosaccharides as an Alternative to Antimicrobials in Improving Performance, Digestibility and Microbial Ecology of the Gut in Weanling Pigs

Cited by 57 publications

References 28 publications

Dietary effects of chitosan and buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum esculentum</i>) on the performance and serum lipid profile of broiler chicks

Dietary effects of chitosan and buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum esculentum</i>) on the performance and serum lipid profile of broiler chicks

The effects of supplementing varying molecular weights of chitooligosaccharide on performance, selected microbial populations and nutrient digestibility in the weaned pig

Chitooligosaccharide for piglets: effects on performance, viscera and intestinal morphometry

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