Chitosan, a new and environmental benign electrode binder for use with graphite anode in lithium-ion batteries

Bio-Derivative Galactomannan Gum Binders for Li4Ti5O12Negative Electrodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…7 It was concluded that unlike typical graphite or silicon/graphite anodes, low MW and high DS CMC are favorable to LTO electrodes, resulting from high ionic conductivity, low charge-transfer resistance, and good wettability, even though its adhesion is weaker than that of high MW CMC with a low DS. Moreover, a few studies have been conducted on cellulose-like polymers, chemically similar to cellulose, as the binders for other anodes; for example, olivine-structured lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) with lithiated CMC, 8 conventional mesocarbon microbeads with xanthan gum, 9 silicon nanopowder with alginate, 10 silicon/graphite composite with crop-derived polysaccharides such as amylose, amylopectin, and glycogen, 11 graphite anode with chitosan, 12 and silicon anode with carboxymethyl chitosan. In this study, new types of cellulose derivatives but branched polymers, guar gum (GG) and tara gum (TG), were introduced to the binders of LTO electrodes.…”

Chitosan oligosaccharides: A novel and efficient water soluble binder for lithium zinc titanate anode in lithium-ion batteries

“…The decrease of electrode impedance may be ascribed to two reasons: one is more ion transport and charge-transfer sites created at the electrode and electrolyte interface during the long cycle process; the other is the COS binder is relatively stable with electrochemical cycles which prevent active particles desquamate from copper current collector and provide lasting conductive network for electron transport. For the PVDF-based electrode, the increase of charge-transfer impedance indicates continuous growth of the surface components during the long cycle test [16].…”

“…Upon deep galvanostatic cycling for 100 cycles, the capacity retention of COS-based electrode is 63.2 % while the capacity retention of PVDF-based electrode is no more than 49.2 % at the same cycling condition. The improved cycling capability and cyclic stability of the electrode by using COS binder illustrates better electrochemical stability of the electrode during electrochemical cycles [16].…”

“…As for commercial lithium-ion batteries, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is the most popular polymer used as a binder for both positive and negative electrodes because of its good electrochemical stability, binding A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T capability and ability to adsorb electrolyte [16]. However, PVDF itself has some shortcomings: (1) Lithium metal and Li x C 6 could react with PVDF to form LiF and -(-C=C-F)-on the electrode surface via an exothermic reaction which causes a risk for the onset of thermal runway, especially at elevated temperature [17]; (2) PVDF is requires dissolved in the volatile, flammable and explosive N-Methyl Pyrrolidone (NMP), which poses serious pollution to the environment; (3) PVDF is readily swollen, low flexibility and easy to dissolve in non-aqueous liquid electrolytes, which result in desquamation of electrode particles and poor long cycle life [18]; (4) The cost of PVDF is high, and it is not easy to dispose PVDF at the end of the battery life [19].…”

The properties investigation of the faradaic supercapacitor electrode formed on foamed nickel substrate with polyvinyl alcohol using

“…Both described mechanisms for capacity loss manifest in various power sources. To eliminate these mechanisms, various additives that increase the polarization of unwanted processes and various binders are used [30,31].…”