Chitosan and its composites: Properties for use in bone substitution

Stepniewski, M; Martynkiewicz, Jacek; Gosk, Jerzy

doi:10.17219/pim/76517

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In particular, 3D chitosan-based composite scaffolds are appropriate for BTE application due to their optimal open porosity and pore size (200-600 µm), which allow cell migration and a good exchange of nutrients and waste [22,23]. Due to the low Young's modulus (around 6.8 ± 0.5 MPa) [13], lyophilized chitosan 3D scaffolds can find application in small bone defects, or can be used for long bone segmental defects in combination with other biomaterials that confer adequate mechanical properties, such as hydroxyapatite (HA) [24][25][26][27][28], tricalcium phosphate (TCP) [29], bioglass ceramic [30,31], alginate [32,33], and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan Covalently Functionalized with Peptides Mapped on Vitronectin and BMP-2 for Bone Tissue Engineering

et al. 2021

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Worldwide, over 20 million patients suffer from bone disorders annually. Bone scaffolds are designed to integrate into host tissue without causing adverse reactions. Recently, chitosan, an easily available natural polymer, has been considered a suitable scaffold for bone tissue growth as it is a biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic material with antimicrobial activity and osteoinductive capacity. In this work, chitosan was covalently and selectively biofunctionalized with two suitably designed bioactive synthetic peptides: a Vitronectin sequence (HVP) and a BMP-2 peptide (GBMP1a). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) investigations highlighted the presence of the peptides grafted to chitosan (named Chit-HVP and Chit-GBMP1a). Chit-HVP and Chit-GBMP1a porous scaffolds promoted human osteoblasts adhesion, proliferation, calcium deposition, and gene expression of three crucial osteoblast proteins. In particular, Chit-HVP highly promoted adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts, while Chit-GBMP1a guided cell differentiation towards osteoblastic phenotype.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan Covalently Functionalized with Peptides Mapped on Vitronectin and BMP-2 for Bone Tissue Engineering

et al. 2021

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“…The major limitation of chitosan for the repair of bone defects is its low mechanical strength, which precludes pure chitosan scaffolds for load-bearing applications. For such reason, many chitosan composite scaffolds have been lately developed to improve mechanical scaffold properties and bioactivity [16,17]. Main substances used in combination with chitosan to produce scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration are tricalcium phosphate [18], hydroxyapatite [19], silica nanoparticles [20], and, more recently, graphene oxide [21,22,23,24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Oxide Oxygen Content Affects Physical and Biological Properties of Scaffolds Based on Chitosan/Graphene Oxide Conjugates

et al. 2019

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Tissue engineering is a highly interdisciplinary field of medicine aiming at regenerating damaged tissues by combining cells with porous scaffolds materials. Scaffolds are templates for tissue regeneration and should ensure suitable cell adhesion and mechanical stability throughout the application period. Chitosan (CS) is a biocompatible polymer highly investigated for scaffold preparation but suffers from poor mechanical strength. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was conjugated to chitosan at two weight ratios 0.3% and 1%, and the resulting conjugates were used to prepare composite scaffolds with improved mechanical strength. To study the effect of GO oxidation degree on scaffold mechanical and biological properties, GO samples at two different oxygen contents were employed. The obtained GO/CS scaffolds were highly porous and showed good swelling in water, though to a lesser extent than pure CS scaffold. In contrast, GO increased scaffold thermal stability and mechanical strength with respect to pure CS, especially when the GO at low oxygen content was used. The scaffold in vitro cytocompatibility using human primary dermal fibroblasts was also affected by the type of used GO. Specifically, the GO with less content of oxygen provided the scaffold with the best biocompatibility.

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“…In this study, we modified chitosan to make MSN have the pH response, so that it can react in acidic environment, which can effectively reduce drug loss during transportation in vivo [ 19 ]. Otherwise, chitosan has the functions of antibacterial and immune regulation and can stimulate the conduction function of osteoblasts [ 20 , 21 ], which can further enhance the efficacy of MSN delivery system in bone defect therapy of CO. Therefore, we used chitosan-MSN (Chi-MSN) delivery system to deliver Dex and BMP-2 in this study and explored their effects in bone defect repair of CO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle-Chitosan-Loaded BMP-2 in the Repair of Bone Defect in Chronic Osteomyelitis

Nie

Zhang

et al. 2022

Journal of Immunology Research

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In order to test the effectiveness of nanoparticle- (NP-) loaded bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) in chronic osteomyelitis (CO) complicated with bone defect, a new nanodrug delivery system composed of mesoporous silica NP (MSN) and chitosan were used to load BMP-2 and transfer it to the target region. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were purchased and cultivated to detect the osteogenesis of chitosan-MSN (Chi-MSN) and polylactic acid glycolic acid (PLGA) delivery system. In addition, the osteogenesis of Chi-MSN was further determined by constructing a bone defect mouse model. In physicochemical property test, we found Chi-MSN NPs could effectively maintain stability in vivo and had pH response characteristics. As a result, the release efficiency of dexamethasone (Dex) and BMP-2 in the environment with pH 7.4 was less, while it increased significantly in pH 6, so as to reduce the BMP-2 and Dex loss during transportation in vivo. Otherwise, we found that the permeation efficiency of Chi-MSN was significantly higher than that of PLGA delivery system, so as to effectively transport BMP-2 and Dex to action target. In the BMSC test, we found that Chi-MSN could better promote their activity and osteogenesis, and the expression of osteogenesis-related genes (runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2), osteopontine (OPN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteopontine (OCN)) in the Chi-MSN group was higher. In the bone defect mouse model test, we also found obviously increased bone trabecula number and thickness by Chi-MSN, contributing to better repair of bone defects. Therefore, BMP-2@Chi-MSN may be a better choice for the therapy of CO complicated with bone defect in the future.

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Chitosan and its composites: Properties for use in bone substitution

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Chitosan Covalently Functionalized with Peptides Mapped on Vitronectin and BMP-2 for Bone Tissue Engineering

Chitosan Covalently Functionalized with Peptides Mapped on Vitronectin and BMP-2 for Bone Tissue Engineering

Graphene Oxide Oxygen Content Affects Physical and Biological Properties of Scaffolds Based on Chitosan/Graphene Oxide Conjugates

Application of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle-Chitosan-Loaded BMP-2 in the Repair of Bone Defect in Chronic Osteomyelitis

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