Chitosan and ß-amino butyric acid up-regulates transcripts of resistance gene analog RGPM213 in pearl millet to infection by downy mildew pathogen

Abstract

Plants are hosts to a diverse group of pathogens belonging to different kingdoms of life. In absence of active immune system, plants have evolved several layers of defense to combat individual pathogen strain and evolving pathogen populations. Management of various plant pathogen infections necessitates the use of multiple resistance (R) genes, which requires efficient and accurate practices for identification, isolation and characterization of R genes. This knowledge helps to probe R gene(s) in a host plant and sort out their functional redundancy and specificity. Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is highly nutritive, summer-annual forage crop, drought tolerant cereal, staple food crop of the semi-arid tropics but is highly susceptible to the downy mildew disease caused by oomycetous Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) schroet. Earlier studies have identified several resistance gene analogues (RGAs) in pearl millet which may be involved in resistance against downy mildew. Of these, a clone RGPM213 was shown to encode resistant protein having serine threonine kinase domain and its transcript was upregulated following S. graminicola infection and β-amino butyric acid an abiotic inducer treatment. Here we have shown the accumulation of transcripts of RGPM 213 in pearl millet during treatment with Chitosan, a chitin derivative, a known inducer of plant defense which is completely safe, characterized by unique properties, like bioactivity and biocompatibility.

The Potential of Using Chitosan on Cereal Crops in the Face of Climate Change

“…Tests carried out in both greenhouse and field conditions on pearl millet showed that chitosan seed priming protects crops from downy mildew. Furthermore, the effect of chitosan on the regulation of resistance gene analogue RGPM213 to infection by downy mildew pathogen was also investigated in pearl millet [141]. The use of this substance causes systemic and durable resistance to this type of infection [58,142,143].…”