Chitosan as a starting material for wound healing applications

Abstract

Abstract:Chitosan and its derivatives have attracted great attention due to their properties beneficial for application to wound healing. The main focus of the present review is to summarize studies involving chitosan and its derivatives, especially N,N,N-trimethylchitosan (TMC), N,O-carboxymethyl-chitosan (CMC) and O-carboxymethyl-N,N,Ntrimethyl-chitosan (CMTMC), used to accelerate wound healing. Moreover, formulation strategies for chitosan and its derivatives, as well as their in vitro, in vivo and clinical applications in wound healing are described.

ADME-Tox profiling of some water soluble chitosan derivatives

“…In vitro studies revealed that chitosan and some of its water soluble derivatives have antifungal activity and may be used for wound healing purposes [5,[8][9][10][11]. According to these findings, we considered in this study 14 low molecular weight WSDC known to be useful for wound healing.…”

“…As pharmaceutical applications, literature data reveal that chitosan and WSDC are used as carriers for radioactive elements, carriers for drug delivery and release systems and they have antimicrobial properties [2]. Some WSDC are used to accelerate wound healing [5]. Despite literature data revealing their use in biomedical applications, chitosan and its water soluble derivatives are not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for drug delivery, they are only approved to be used for wound healing [6] and as dietary additives in Japan, Italy and Finland [7].…”

Synthetic biology strategies for improving microbial synthesis of “green” biopolymers

“…Biopolymers, such as the chitin derivative chitosan, have been shown to accelerate wound healing (1) and offer opportunities for scalable manufacturing in the bioprinting industry (2). Traditionally, biopolymers are obtained from natural sources by extraction from the environment and require further downstream processing including, in many cases, the use of harsh chemicals to obtain desired material properties.…”

“…These biopolymers are examples of polysaccharides that are synthesized by the synthase-dependent pathway where polymerization and translocation processes are performed by a single synthase protein complex (12). Native biosynthetic mechanisms, such as microbial exopolysaccharide (EPS) 1 biosynthesis, serve as a template for biotechnological production of biomaterials. Typically, synthase-dependent pathways favor homopolymer formation, and the polymers are released into the extracellular environment as non-covalently associated EPS fibers.…”

Clinical studies on the use of Herbal Chitosan Spray for the clinical management of dog bitten wounds in veterinary practice

“…Chitosan have some unique properties such as biodegradability, non-toxicity, antibacterial effect, muco-adhesive properties and biocompatibility (Shakeel et al, 2014). Apart from the antibacterial nature, chitosan also had haemostatic and mucoadhesive properties (Patrulea et al, 2015) which helped in accelerating tissue regeneration and promoting the wound healing (Kifune, 1992). …”