Chitosan-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Optimization of Photodynamic Therapy: a Review

Calixto, Giovana Maria Fioramonti; Annunzio, Sarah Raquel de; Victorelli, Francesca Damiani; Frade, Maria Lucia; Ferreira, Paula Scanavez; Chorilli, Marlus; Fontana, Carla Raquel

doi:10.1208/s12249-019-1407-y

Cited by 52 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 218 publications

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“…Chitosan (CS) is an attractive candidate for modern pharmaceutical formulations, thanks to its peculiar ability to improve the stability and solubility of bioactive molecules and to its intrinsic mucoadhesive, antioxidant, analgesic, haemostatic, non-immunogenic, antimicrobial [59], and antitumor effects [60,61,62]. The proposed mechanisms for intrinsic anti-pathogenic effects exhibited by CS-based biomaterials include electrostatic interactions between cationic CS and negatively-charged surface of pathogenic cells [63,64], interactions with microbial nucleic acids [65,66], and chelation of microbial structures and essential nutrients containing metallic ions [67,68]. Moreover, along with its great intrinsic antimicrobial properties, CS is known as an active agent to improve the efficiency of antibiotics [69,70], and recent pharmaceutical formulations rely on the use of this biopolymer in the fight of resistant microorganisms [71].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomagnetite-embedded PLGA Spheres for Multipurpose Medical Applications

et al. 2019

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We report on the synthesis and evaluation of biopolymeric spheres of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) containing different amounts of magnetite nanoparticles and Ibuprofen (PLGA-Fe3O4-IBUP), but also chitosan (PLGA-CS-Fe3O4-IBUP), to be considered as drug delivery systems. Besides morphological, structural, and compositional characterizations, the PLGA-Fe3O4-IBUP composite microspheres were subjected to drug release studies, performed both under biomimetically-simulated dynamic conditions and under external radiofrequency magnetic fields. The experimental data resulted by performing the drug release studies evidenced that PLGA-Fe3O4-IBUP microspheres with the lowest contents of Fe3O4 nanoparticles are optimal candidates for triggered drug release under external stimulation related to hyperthermia effect. The as-selected microspheres and their chitosan-containing counterparts were biologically assessed on macrophage cultures, being evaluated as biocompatible and bioactive materials that are able to promote cellular adhesion and proliferation. The composite biopolymeric spheres resulted in inhibited microbial growth and biofilm formation, as assessed against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans microbial strains. Significantly improved antimicrobial effects were reported in the case of chitosan-containing biomaterials, regardless of the microorganisms’ type. The nanostructured composite biopolymeric spheres evidenced proper characteristics as prolonged and controlled drug release platforms for multipurpose biomedical applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomagnetite-embedded PLGA Spheres for Multipurpose Medical Applications

et al. 2019

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“…Probably the most important benefit of coating chitosan NPs with polysorbate 80 is that it can enhance brain accumulation of the carried drugs [ 41 , 42 , 132 ]. This improved targeting is probably attributed to the preferential binding of polysorbate 80 coated NPs to serum apolipoprotein (Apo-E).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, as mentioned earlier, in case of systemic administration MB is subject to quick reduction to its leuco-MB form, which significantly hinders its clinical applicability for PDT due to the negligible photodynamic activity of leuco-MB [ 129 , 130 ]. As encapsulation in polymeric NPs can provide solution to this problem [ 129 , 131 ], several authors suggested the incorporation of MB in chitosan NPs with the aim of protecting the die from enzymatic reduction and enhancing its efficacy in PDT treatments [ 128 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 ], which improvements could be utilized in the treatment of AD as well. Nonetheless, it also has to be noted that delivery of light into brain tissues through the skull represents a major obstacle in the applicability of PDT for AD therapy.…”

Section: Use Of Chitosan Nanoparticles In the Treatment Of Alzheimmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Biodegradable, Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

2020

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects more than 24 million people worldwide and represents an immense medical, social and economic burden. While a vast array of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) is available for the prevention and possibly treatment of AD, applicability is limited by the selective nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) as well as by their severe peripheral side effects. A promising solution to these problems is the incorporation of anti-Alzheimer drugs in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). However, while several polymeric NPs are nontoxic and biocompatible, many of them are not biodegradable and thus not appropriate for CNS-targeting. Among polymeric nanocarriers, chitosan-based NPs emerge as biodegradable yet stable vehicles for the delivery of CNS medications. Furthermore, due to their mucoadhesive character and intrinsic bioactivity, chitosan NPs can not only promote brain penetration of drugs via the olfactory route, but also act as anti-Alzheimer therapeutics themselves. Here we review how chitosan-based NPs could be used to address current challenges in the treatment of AD; with a specific focus on the enhancement of blood-brain barrier penetration of anti-Alzheimer drugs and on the reduction of their peripheral side effects.

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“…CS is a polysaccharide, derived from chitin, mainly extracted from crustacean exoskeleton that, in acidified aqueous media, becomes cationic, due to the protonation of its amino groups. Its ability to establish electrostatic interactions with the mucin sialic acid residues, makes CS material with important mucoadhesive properties [25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Mucoadhesive Nanostructured Polyelectrolyte Complexes Based on Chitosan and Hypromellose Phthalate for Metronidazole Delivery Intended to the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infections

et al. 2020

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Metronidazole (MT) is an important drug available for Helicobacter pylori infection treatment. However, in the past few years, this drug has presented effective reduction for infection control, one of the most important reasons is attributed to the reduction of retention time in the stomach environment. Mucoadhesive nanostructured polyelectrolyte complexes (nano PECs) based on chitosan (CS) and hypromellose phthalate (HP) were rationally developed using a full factorial design (21 × 21 × 31), for the incorporation of MT based on the enhancement of the antimicrobial potential against active Helicobacter pylori, in the stomach. Different mass ratios of CS:HP (w/w) were tested, reaching the most promising ratios of 1:0.1, 1:0.5, and 1:1, and two methods of polymers addition (pouring-I and drip-II) were also evaluated. From method I, the obtained particles presented a diameter in the range of 811–1293 nm (Z-average) and a polydispersity index (PDI) between 0.47 and 0.88. By method II, there was a significant reduction in diameter and PDI to 553–739 nm and 0.23 at 0.34, respectively. The drug incorporation also resulted in a reduction in the diameter and PDI of the nano PECs. All samples showed positive zeta potential, about 20 mV, and a high percentage of MT incorporation (±95%). The method factor presented a greater influence on the nano PECs characteristics. Interactions in the system constituents were indicated by the FTIR data. Nano PECs mucoadhesiveness was observed and the composition and charge density were responsible for this phenomenon. MT dissolution evaluation showed the similarity of the dissolution profiles of free and loaded MT, in which almost 100% of the drug was in the simulated gastric medium in 120 min of testing. The in vitro antimicrobial potential against H. pylori of loaded nano PECs were measured and the minimum inhibitory concentration observed for free MT was >2000 µg/mL, while for the incorporated MT lower values were observed, showing an increase in the encapsulated MT activity.

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Chitosan-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Optimization of Photodynamic Therapy: a Review

Cited by 52 publications

References 218 publications

Nanomagnetite-embedded PLGA Spheres for Multipurpose Medical Applications

Nanomagnetite-embedded PLGA Spheres for Multipurpose Medical Applications

Use of Biodegradable, Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Design of Mucoadhesive Nanostructured Polyelectrolyte Complexes Based on Chitosan and Hypromellose Phthalate for Metronidazole Delivery Intended to the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infections

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