Chitosan-based films with alternative eco-friendly plasticizers: Preparation, physicochemical properties and stability

Janik, Weronika; Ledniowska, Kerstin; Nowotarski, Michał; Kudła, S.; Knapczyk‐Korczak, Joanna; Stachewicz, Urszula; Nowakowska‐Bogdan, Ewa; Sabura, Ewa; Nosal-Kovalenko, Hanna; Turczyn, Roman; Dudek, Gabriela

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120277

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Plasticizer mixtures were prepared as described in our previous study 58 , 59 . In short, esterification reactions (propylene glycol with acetic acid, propylene glycol with oleic acid and succinic acid) and epoxidation reactions (epoxidation of mixed esters based on propylene glycol, oleic acid and succinic acid) were carried out in a glass reactor of 500 or 1000 cm 3 volume, equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a temperature controller, Dean-Stark trap (for esterification reactions), reflux condenser and dropping funnel (for selected reactions).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxygen and carbon dioxide permeability of the sodium alginate films with chestnut extract and various plasticizers were determined using an isobaric apparatus 58 . The samples with a circular surface area of 60 mm 2 were degassed for 24 h and conditioned with the appropriate gas in the apparatus prior to testing for 2 h. Then, the diffusion chamber was sealed and compressed oxygen (class 5.0) or carbon dioxide (technical gas) was supplied at a controlled flow rate to keep the pressure constant.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulation of physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of sodium alginate films through the use of chestnut extract and plasticizers

Janik,

Nowotarski,

Ledniowska

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Due to the growing demand for robust and environmentally friendly antimicrobial packaging materials, biopolymers have recently become extensively investigated. Although biodegradable biopolymers usually lack mechanical properties, which makes it inevitable to blend them with plasticizers. The purpose of this study was to investigate plasticization efficiency of bio-based plasticizers introduced into sodium alginate compositions containing chestnut extract and their effect on selected film properties, including primarily mechanical and antibacterial properties. The films were prepared by the casting method and sodium alginate was cross-linked with calcium chloride. Six different plasticizers, including three commercially available ones (glycerol, epoxidized soybean oil and palm oil) and three synthesized plasticizers that are mixtures of bio-based plasticizers, were used to compare their influence on the film properties. Interactions between the polymer matrix and the plasticizers were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphological characteristics of the films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Thermal properties, tensile strength, elongation at break, hydrophilic, and barrier properties of the obtained films were also determined. To confirm the obtaining of active films through the use of chestnut extract and to study the effect of the proposed plasticizers on the antibacterial activity of the extract, the obtained films were tested against bacteria cultures. The final results showed that all of the obtained films exhibit a hydrophilic character and high barrier effect to oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor. In addition, sodium alginate films prepared with chestnut extract and the plasticizer proposed by us, showed better mechanical and antimicrobial properties than the films obtained with chestnut extract and the commercially available plasticizers.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of sodium alginate films through the use of chestnut extract and plasticizers

Janik,

Nowotarski,

Ledniowska

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…This information is crucial from the perspective of applying these materials for food packaging. The issue of the instability of chitosan-glycerol compositions has already been addressed by us in our previous study [15], in which we proved that replacing glycerol with esters of propylene glycol and acetic acid resulted in a more stable material over time. Therefore, in the present study, the esters of propylene glycol and acetic acid were also used for plasticization and were tested not only immediately after receiving them but also after 7, 14 and 30 days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Effect of Time on the Properties of Bio-Nanocomposite Films Based on Chitosan with Bio-Based Plasticizer Reinforced with Nanofiber Cellulose

Janik,

Nowotarski,

Ledniowska

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The deterioration of the performance of polysaccharide-based films over time, particularly their hydrophilicity and mechanical properties, is one of the main problems limiting their applications in the packaging industry. In the present study, we proposed to improve the performance of chitosan-based films through the use of: (1) nanocellulose as an additive to reduce their hydrophilic nature; (2) bio-based plasticizer to improve their mechanical properties; and (3) chestnut extract as an antimicrobial agent. To evaluate their stability over time, the properties of as-formed films (mechanical, hydrophilic, barrier and antibacterial) were studied immediately after preparation and after 7, 14 and 30 days. In addition, the morphological properties of the films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, their structure by FTIR, their transparency by UV-Vis and their thermal properties by TGA. The films showed a hydrophobic character (contact angle above 100°), barrier properties to oxygen and carbon dioxide and strong antibacterial activity against Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria. Moreover, the use of nanofillers did not deteriorate the elongation at breaks or the thermal properties of the films, but their addition reduced the transparency. In addition, the results showed that the greatest change in film properties occurred within the first 7 days after sample preparation, after which the properties were found to stabilize.

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“…The synthesized bioplasticizer was prepared in three steps by esterification and epoxidation reactions. The full characterization of the synthesized bioplasticizer was described earlier 42,47 . For this study, a control identification of the bioplasticizer compositions was performed by gas chromatography and the results are shown in Table 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxidized esters of succinic acid, oleic acid and propylene glycol as an effective bioplasticizer for PVC: A study of processing conditions on the physico‐chemical properties

Ledniowska,

Janik,

Nosal‐Kovalenko

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The present study evaluated the use of epoxidized esters of succinic acid, oleic acid, and propylene glycol as a bioplasticizer for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and compared the results with the commercial phthalate plasticizer di(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate. The chemical properties, structure, and biodegradation of the obtained bioplasticizer were analyzed. In order to analyze the influence of different PVC processing conditions on the properties of the obtained samples, the gelation process was carried out at 170, 180, 190, and 200°C at a time of 1.5–10.0 min. Mechanical properties, thermal characteristics, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, plasticizer migration, and color change were determined for the resulting plasticized PVC samples. The performed studies allowed to confirm the obtaining of a biodegradable bioplasticizer (after 28 days, the decomposition rate in respirometry test was 72.7%). The optimal conditions for PVC processing were determined. For them the properties of the obtained material were superior. Processing PVC at 170°C for 7.5 min proved to be the most optimal conditions for the bioplasticizer synthesized in this study. Under these conditions, tensile strength of about 23 MPa and elongation at break of 200% were obtained, while plasticizer migration was very low (4.4% after 7 days and 6.8% after 28 days).

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Chitosan-based films with alternative eco-friendly plasticizers: Preparation, physicochemical properties and stability

Cited by 17 publications

References 75 publications

Modulation of physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of sodium alginate films through the use of chestnut extract and plasticizers

Modulation of physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of sodium alginate films through the use of chestnut extract and plasticizers

Effect of Time on the Properties of Bio-Nanocomposite Films Based on Chitosan with Bio-Based Plasticizer Reinforced with Nanofiber Cellulose

Epoxidized esters of succinic acid, oleic acid and propylene glycol as an effective bioplasticizer for PVC: A study of processing conditions on the physico‐chemical properties

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