Chitosan-Enriched Salicylic Acid Nanoparticles Enhanced Anthocyanin Content in Grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Red Sultana) Berries

Abstract

Given the effects of salicylic acid (SA) on enhancing the phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and especially anthocyanins at higher doses in grapes as well as some toxic effects of SA at higher doses, the use of nano-carriers and nano-forms could assist SA in enhancing the accumulation of these compounds while reducing its toxic activity. Chitosan (CTS) has gained attention as a safe transporter and control releaser for a variety of chemicals, particularly in the agriculture industry. In this regard, the nano-form combination of SA and CTS (CTS-SA NPs) could boost the effectiveness of SA, particularly at lower dosages. Therefore, in the present study, SA (10, 20 mM), CTS (0.1%), and CTS-SA NPs (10, 20 mM) were applied on grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries cv. Red Sultana at the pre-véraison stage to evaluate their actions on phenolic compounds, particularly anthocyanins. The CTS-SA NPs treatments provided the highest results in terms of the total phenolic compounds, flavonoids (10 mM), anthocyanins (in particular oenin, the main anthocyanin of red grapes) (10 and 20 mM), and PAL enzyme activity (20 mM). In conclusion, the CTS-SA NPs could be applied as a potential effective elicitor for phenolics, particularly anthocyanin enhancement of grape berries at pre- véraison stage with synergistic effects between SA and CTS in nano-forms predominantly at lower doses.

Impacts of Selenium–Chitosan Treatment on Color of “Red Globe” Grapes during Low-Temperature Storage

“…The accumulation of flavonoids improves plant tolerance to cold and freezing stress by preventing protein aggregation and mitigating stress-related damage caused by oxidative stress, electrolyte leakage, and photosynthetic inactivation [45]. Throughout storage, the CS+Se group exhibited significant higher total phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents compared to other groups, potentially because both CS [46] and Se [47] induced oxidative stress and enhanced the activities of enzymes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and the CS+Se treatment can superimpose the antioxidant effects of the two in a synergistic manner. Similar effects were observed with burdock oligofructose treatment of blueberries [48].…”

Improving Mechanical and Barrier Properties of Antibacterial Poly(Phenylene Sulfide) Nanocomposites Reinforced with Nano Zinc Oxide-Decorated Graphene

“…W concentration reaches 0.3%, the WVPC is lowest at 5.58 g/m 2 •day. This may be a to the existence of G-ZnO, which makes the path of H2O through the nanoco more complicated than in neat PPS and increases its barrier performance [50,51] PPS, H2O molecules would be advanced along a vertical path (see Figure 10a). in PPS/G-ZnO nanocomposite, the H2O molecules may not pass through the n and change direction around the G-ZnO (see Figure 10b) [52].…”

“…When the concentration reaches 0.3%, the WVPC is lowest at 5.58 g/m 2 •day. This may be attributed to the existence of G-ZnO, which makes the path of H 2 O through the nanocomposites more complicated than in neat PPS and increases its barrier performance [50,51]. For pure PPS, H 2 O molecules would be advanced along a vertical path (see Figure 10a).…”

Enhancement of tensile, thermal and barrier properties of polyphenylene sulfide/carboxylated graphene antibacterial nanocomposites

“…When the concentration is added at 0.2%, the WVPC is the lowest, 12.9 g/m2•day. This maybe because the existence of CG, which makes the path of water vapor permeating through the nanocomposites more complex than that of the neat PPS, which increases its barrier performance [45,46]. For PPS without CG, H 2 O molecules would be dispersed along a vertical path (see Fig.…”