Chitosan extracted from marine biowaste mitigates staphyloxanthin production and biofilms of Methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Rubini, Durairajan; Banu, Sanaulla Farisa; Hari, B. Narayanan Veda; Devi, D. Ramya; Gowrishankar, Shanmugaraj; Pandian, Shunmugiah Karutha; Nithyanand, Paramasivam

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2018.06.017

Cited by 42 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Slime production in S. aureus increases the ability of bacterial colonization on host tissue and enhances the persistence of bacteria and develops resistance to host immune responses (Ammendolia et al, 1999; Podbielska et al, 2010; Milanov et al, 2010). Several reports are available for the inhibition of slime synthesis by antibiofilm agents (Gowrishankar et al, 2012; Ansari et al, 2015; Rubini et al, 2018b). In our study we used CRA plate assay to qualitatively assess the impact of myrtenol on slime production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myrtenol Attenuates MRSA Biofilm and Virulence by Suppressing sarA Expression Dynamism

et al. 2019

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a deleterious human pathogen responsible for severe morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pathogen has attained high priority in the World Health Organization (WHO) – Multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens list. Emerging MDR strains of S. aureus are clinically challenging due to failure in conventional antibiotic therapy. Biofilm formation is one of the underlying mechanisms behind the antibiotic resistance. Hence, attenuating biofilm formation has become an alternative strategy to control persistent infections. The current study is probably the first that focuses on the antibiofilm and antivirulence potential of myrtenol against MRSA and its clinical isolates. Myrtenol exhibited a concentration-dependent biofilm inhibition without causing any harmful effect on cell growth and viability. Further, microscopic analysis validated the biofilm inhibitory efficacy of myrtenol against MRSA. In addition, myrtenol inhibited the synthesis of major virulence factors including slime, lipase, α-hemolysin, staphyloxanthin and autolysin. Inhibition of staphyloxanthin in turn sensitized the MRSA cells to healthy human blood and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Notably, myrtenol treated cells were deficient in extracellular DNA (eDNA) mediated autoaggregation as eDNA releasing autolysis was impaired by myrtenol. Biofilm disruptive activity on preformed biofilms was observed at concentrations higher than minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) of myrtenol. Also, the non-cytotoxic effect of myrtenol on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) was evidenced by trypan blue and Alamar blue assays. Transcriptional analysis unveiled the down-regulation of global regulator sarA and sarA mediated virulence genes upon myrtenol treatment, which is well correlated with results of phenotypic assays. Thus, the results of the present study revealed the sarA mediated antibiofilm and antivirulence potential of myrtenol against MRSA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myrtenol Attenuates MRSA Biofilm and Virulence by Suppressing sarA Expression Dynamism

et al. 2019

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“…Chitosan and chitosan derivatives in different structural forms (e.g., chemical modified ones, nanoparticles, conjugation with other polymers, conjugation with antibiofilm nanoparticles, and vehicles for drugs) exhibit antibiofilm effects against microbial biofilm [ 47 ]. Such materials in food industry or for personal use can prevent the intake of pathogens which is responsible for enteric infections, especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [ 163 ], vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [ 164 ], and Listeria [ 165 , 166 ].…”

Section: Antibiofilm Properties Of Chitosan and Chitosan Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Properties of Chitosan and Chitosan Derivatives in the Treatment of Enteric Infections

et al. 2021

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Antibiotics played an important role in controlling the development of enteric infection. However, the emergence of antibiotic resistance and gut dysbiosis led to a growing interest in the use of natural antimicrobial agents as alternatives for therapy and disinfection. Chitosan is a nontoxic natural antimicrobial polymer and is approved by GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe by the United States Food and Drug Administration). Chitosan and chitosan derivatives can kill microbes by neutralizing negative charges on the microbial surface. Besides, chemical modifications give chitosan derivatives better water solubility and antimicrobial property. This review gives an overview of the preparation of chitosan, its derivatives, and the conjugates with other polymers and nanoparticles with better antimicrobial properties, explains the direct and indirect mechanisms of action of chitosan, and summarizes current treatment for enteric infections as well as the role of chitosan and chitosan derivatives in the antimicrobial agents in enteric infections. Finally, we suggested future directions for further research to improve the treatment of enteric infections and to develop more useful chitosan derivatives and conjugates.

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“…A range of dietary oligosaccharides, such as lactosucrose, galactooligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, and isomaltooligosaccharides, have nutritional supplement properties [8,9]. Chitosan (CS) is a polymer obtained by the deacetylation of chitin extracted from the exoskeletons of crustaceans [10], which possesses diverse biological and pharmacological effects, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticoagulant, wound healing, antimicrobial, anti-obesity, and antidiabetic activities [11,12,13]. As a main marine natural compound, CS is a much sought after bioresource due to its therapeutic value, stability, biodegradability, biocompatibility and low toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan Ameliorates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis Mice by Enhancing Intestinal Barrier Function and Improving Microflora

Wang

Zhang

Guo

et al. 2019

IJMS

175

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Ulcerative colitis (UC) has been identified as one of the inflammatory diseases. Intestinal mucosal barrier function and microflora play major roles in UC. Modified-chitosan products have been consumed as effective and safe drugs to treat UC. The present work aimed to investigate the effect of chitosan (CS) on intestinal microflora and intestinal barrier function in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC mice and to explore the underlying mechanisms. KM (Kunming) mice received water/CS (250, 150 mg/kg) for 5 days, and then received 3% DSS for 5 days to induce UC. Subsequently, CS (250, 150 mg/kg) was administered daily for 5 days. Clinical signs, body weight, colon length, and histological changes were recorded. Alterations of intestinal microflora were analyzed by PCR-DGGE, expressions of TNF-α and tight junction proteins were detected by Western blotting. CS showed a significant effect against UC by the increased body weight and colon length, decreased DAI (disease activity index) and histological injury scores, and alleviated histopathological changes. CS reduced the expression of TNF-α, promoted the expressions of tight junction proteins such as claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1 to maintain the intestinal mucosal barrier function for attenuating UC in mice. Furthermore, Parabacteroides, Blautia, Lactobacillus, and Prevotella were dominant organisms in the intestinal tract. Blautia and Lactobacillus decreased with DSS treatment, but increased obviously with CS treatment. This is the first time that the effect of original CS against UC in mice has been reported and it is through promoting dominant intestinal microflora such as Blautia, mitigating intestinal microflora dysbiosis, and regulating the expressions of TNF-α, claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1. CS can be developed as an effective food and health care product for the prevention and treatment of UC.

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Chitosan extracted from marine biowaste mitigates staphyloxanthin production and biofilms of Methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 42 publications

References 38 publications

Myrtenol Attenuates MRSA Biofilm and Virulence by Suppressing sarA Expression Dynamism

Myrtenol Attenuates MRSA Biofilm and Virulence by Suppressing sarA Expression Dynamism

Antimicrobial Properties of Chitosan and Chitosan Derivatives in the Treatment of Enteric Infections

Chitosan Ameliorates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis Mice by Enhancing Intestinal Barrier Function and Improving Microflora

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