Chitosan for gene delivery: Methods for improvement and applications

Chuan, Di; Jin, Tao; Fan, Rangrang; Zhou, Liangxue; Guo, Gang

doi:10.1016/j.cis.2019.03.007

Cited by 169 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 162 publications

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“…Due to its polycationic characteristics, chitosan can form complexes with negatively charged nucleic acids through electrostatic interactions, leading to the condensation and protection of nucleic acids. Chitosan has been regarded as a highly attractive biopolymer to deliver nucleic acids intracellularly and induce a transgenic response, so the CS nanoparticles were used as biomaterial carrier for MB delivery and miRNA detection in living cells (Santos-Carballal et al 2018;Chuan et al 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of miR-155-5p and imaging lung cancer for early diagnosis: in vitro and in vivo study

Zhu

Fang

Guo³

et al. 2020

J Cancer Res Clin Oncol

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Purpose Currently, the routine screening program has insufficient capacity for the early diagnosis of lung cancer. Therefore, a type of chitosan-molecular beacon (CS-MB) probe was developed to recognize the miR-155-5p and image the lung cancer cells for the early diagnosis. Methods Based on the molecular beacon (MB) technology and nanotechnology, the CS-MB probe was synthesized selfassembly. There are four types of cells-three kinds of animal models and one type of histopathological sections of human lung cancer were utilized as models, including A549, SPC-A1, H446 lung cancer cells, tumor-initiating cells (TICs), subcutaneous and lung xenografts mice, and lox-stop-lox(LSL) K-ras G12D transgenic mice. The transgenic mice dynamically displayed the process from normal lung tissues to atypical hyperplasia, adenoma, carcinoma in situ, and adenocarcinoma. The different miR-155-5p expression levels in these cells and models were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The CS-MB probe was used to recognize the miR-155-5p and image the lung cancer cells by confocal microscopy in vitro and by living imaging system in vivo. Results The CS-MB probe could be used to recognize the miR-155-5p and image the lung cancer cells significantly in these cells and models. The fluorescence intensity trends detected by the CS-MB probe were similar to the expression levels trends of miR-155 tested by qRT-PCR. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity showed an increasing trend with the tumor progression in the transgenic mice model, and the occurrence and development of lung cancer were dynamically monitored by the differen fluorescence intensity. In addition, the miR-155-5p in human lung cancer tissues could be detected by the miR-155-5p MB. Conclusion Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that the CS-MB probe could be utilized to recognize the miR-155-5p and image the lung cancer cells. It provided a novel experimental and theoretical basis for the early diagnosis of the disease. Also, the histopathological sections of human lung cancer research laid the foundation for subsequent preclinical studies. In addition, different MBs could be designed to detect other miRNAs for the early diagnosis of other tumors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of miR-155-5p and imaging lung cancer for early diagnosis: in vitro and in vivo study

Zhu

Fang

Guo³

et al. 2020

J Cancer Res Clin Oncol

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“…The target ligand can also be used to modify chitosan derivatives in order to improve the targeted delivery of genes. Target ligands have been shown to improve tumor-specific delivery, promote cellular uptake, and reduce side effects [196].…”

Section: Chitosan Derivative Nanoparticles For the Delivery Of Genementioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan Derivatives and Their Application in Biomedicine

Wang

Meng

et al. 2020

IJMS

643

326

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Chitosan is a product of the deacetylation of chitin, which is widely found in nature. Chitosan is insoluble in water and most organic solvents, which seriously limits both its application scope and applicable fields. However, chitosan contains active functional groups that are liable to chemical reactions; thus, chitosan derivatives can be obtained through the chemical modification of chitosan. The modification of chitosan has been an important aspect of chitosan research, showing a better solubility, pH-sensitive targeting, an increased number of delivery systems, etc. This review summarizes the modification of chitosan by acylation, carboxylation, alkylation, and quaternization in order to improve the water solubility, pH sensitivity, and the targeting of chitosan derivatives. The applications of chitosan derivatives in the antibacterial, sustained slowly release, targeting, and delivery system fields are also described. Chitosan derivatives will have a large impact and show potential in biomedicine for the development of drugs in future.

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“…Besides, they can display different chemistries and architectures [93]. CPs include commercially sourced materials ( Figure 2), such as poly-L-lysines (PLLs) [94,95], poly(ethyleneimines) (PEIs) [96,97], poly(amidoamines) (PAMAMs) [64,[98][99][100][101], poly [2-(dimethyamino)ethyl methacrylates] (PDMAEMs) [102], and chitosans (CSs) [103][104][105][106], used as received or reacted and functionalized [63,[107][108][109][110], and those purposely synthesized [111]. Of note, the efficacy of a transfectant strongly depends on some chemical and geometrical features.…”

Section: Cationic Polymers (Cps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Viral in Vitro Gene Delivery: It is Now Time to Set the Bar!

et al. 2020

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Transfection by means of non-viral gene delivery vectors is the cornerstone of modern gene delivery. Despite the resources poured into the development of ever more effective transfectants, improvement is still slow and limited. Of note, the performance of any gene delivery vector in vitro is strictly dependent on several experimental conditions specific to each laboratory. The lack of standard tests has thus largely contributed to the flood of inconsistent data underpinning the reproducibility crisis. A way researchers seek to address this issue is by gauging the effectiveness of newly synthesized gene delivery vectors with respect to benchmarks of seemingly well-known behavior. However, the performance of such reference molecules is also affected by the testing conditions. This survey points to non-standardized transfection settings and limited information on variables deemed relevant in this context as the major cause of such misalignments. This review provides a catalog of conditions optimized for the gold standard and internal reference, 25 kDa polyethyleneimine, that can be profitably replicated across studies for the sake of comparison. Overall, we wish to pave the way for the implementation of standardized protocols in order to make the evaluation of the effectiveness of transfectants as unbiased as possible.

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Chitosan for gene delivery: Methods for improvement and applications

Cited by 169 publications

References 162 publications

Detection of miR-155-5p and imaging lung cancer for early diagnosis: in vitro and in vivo study

Detection of miR-155-5p and imaging lung cancer for early diagnosis: in vitro and in vivo study

Chitosan Derivatives and Their Application in Biomedicine

Non-Viral in Vitro Gene Delivery: It is Now Time to Set the Bar!

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