Chitosan-Grafted Polyacrylic Acid-Doped Copper Oxide Nanoflakes Used as a Potential Dye Degrader and Antibacterial Agent: In Silico Molecular Docking Analysis

Abstract

This study examined the catalytic and bactericidal properties of polymer-doped copper oxide (CuO). For this purpose, a facile co-precipitation method was used to synthesize CuO nanostructures doped with CS-g-PAA. Various concentrations (2, 4, and 6%) of dopants were systematically incorporated into a fixed amount of CuO. The prepared samples were analyzed by different optical, structural, and morphological characterizations. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy micrographs indicated that doping transformed CuO’s agglomerated rod-like surface morphology to form nanoflakes. UV–vis spectroscopy revealed that the optical spectra of the samples exhibit a redshift after doping, leading to a decrease in band gap energy from 3.3 to 2.5 eV. The purpose of the study was to test the catalytic activity of pristine and CS-g-PAA doped CuO for the degradation of methylene blue in acidic, basic, and neutral conditions using NaBH4 as a reducing agent in an aqueous medium. Furthermore, antibacterial activity was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, namely, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Overall, enhanced bactericidal performance was observed upon doping CS-g-PAA into CuO, i.e., 4.25–6.15 and 4.40–8.15 mm against S. aureus and 1.35–4.20 and 2.25–5.25 mm against E. coli at the lowest and highest doses, respectively. The relevant catalytic and bactericidal action mechanisms of samples are also proposed in the study. Moreover, in silico molecular docking studies illustrated the role of these prepared nanomaterials as possible inhibitors of FabH and FabI enzymes of the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Fe-Doped Cadmium Oxide Showed Bactericidal Behavior and Highly Efficient Visible Light Photocatalysis

“…This investigation (Figure c) indicated that the TOC of produced compounds under visible light irradiation decreased steadily with reaction time, and a considerable quantity of mineralization of dye was noticed after 150 min in Fe (6 wt %)-doped CdO. Moreover, results suggest that the dye may undergo a series of intermediate transformations before its deterioration ultimately leads to its complete mineralization. , The comparison of the current work with the literature, in terms of photocatalytic activity and reaction time is shown in Table .…”

Toward Efficient Bactericidal and Dye Degradation Performance of Strontium- and Starch-Doped Fe2O3 Nanostructures: In Silico Molecular Docking Studies

“…This allowed us to calculate the rate constant represented in Figure 6a− suggest that the dye may undergo a series of intermediate transformations before its deterioration ultimately leads to its complete mineralization. 65,66 The bactericidal effectiveness of bare Fe 2 O 3 , St/Fe 2 O 3 , and (2, 4 wt %) Sr/St-doped Fe 2 O 3 NSs was obtained from inhibition zone measurements via an agar-well diffusion assay for S. aureus (G +ve) and E. coli (G −ve) as mentioned in Table 2. Specific concentrations (1.0 mg/50 μL and 0.5 mg/50 μL) of bare and Sr/St-Fe 2 O 3 NSs were filled in concerning wells, and CF (0.05 mg/50 μL) was utilized as a positive control for the comparison; meanwhile, DI water (50 μL) was used as the negative control.…”

“…This investigation (Figure ) indicated that the TOC of produced compounds under visible light irradiation decreased steadily with reaction time, and a considerable quantity of mineralization of dye was noticed after 180 min in Sr/St-Fe 2 O 3 (4%). Moreover, results suggest that the dye may undergo a series of intermediate transformations before its deterioration ultimately leads to its complete mineralization. , …”

“…Moreover, results suggest that the dye may undergo a series of intermediate transformations before its deterioration ultimately leads to its complete mineralization. 65 , 66 …”

Asterarcys quadricellulare algae-mediated copper oxide nanoparticles as a robust and recyclable catalyst for the degradation of noxious dyes from wastewater

“…The prominent peaks at 603 and 524 cm −1 manifested the presence of Cu-O stretching vibrations. 52 Tauc plot. The UV-visible spectra of CuO NPs were analyzed to determine the band gap value.…”