Chitosan in modern agriculture production

Background Around the globe, salinity is one of the serious environmental stresses which negatively affect rapid seed germination, uniform seedling establishment and plant developments restricting sustainable agricultural productivity. In recent years, the concepts of sustainable agriculture and cleaner production strategy have emphasized the introduction of greener agrochemicals using biocompatible and natural sources to maximize crop yield with minimum ecotoxicological effects. Over the last decade, the emergence of nanotechnology as a forefront of interdisciplinary science has introduced nanomaterials as fast-acting plant growth-promoting agents. Results Herein, we report the preparation of nanocomposite using chitosan and green tea (CS-GTE NC) as an ecofriendly nanopriming agent to elicit salt stress tolerance through priming imprints. The CS-GTE NC-primed (0.02, 0.04 and 0.06%), hydroprimed and non-primed (control) wheat seeds were germinated under normal and salt stress (150 mM NaCl) conditions. The seedlings developed from aforesaid seeds were used for physiological, biochemical and germination studies. The priming treatments increased protein contents (10–12%), photosynthetic pigments (Chl a (4–6%), Chl b (34–36%), Total Chl (7–14%) and upregulated the machinery of antioxidants (CAT (26–42%), POD (22–43%)) in wheat seedlings under stress conditions. It also reduced MDA contents (65–75%) and regulated ROS production resulting in improved membrane stability. The priming-mediated alterations in biochemical attributes resulted in improved final germination (20–22%), vigor (4–11%) and germination index (6–13%) under both conditions. It reduced mean germination time significantly, establishing the stress-insulating role of the nanocomposite. The improvement of germination parameters validated the stimulation of priming memory in composite-treated seeds. Conclusion Pre-treatment of seeds with nanocomposite enables them to counter salinity at the seedling development stage by means of priming memory warranting sustainable plant growth and high crop productivity.

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“…4 A). The MDA contents decreased [ 46 – 56 ] significantly under normal as well as under stress as a result of priming treatments (Fig. 4 B).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Nanopriming-mediated memory imprints reduce salt toxicity in wheat seedlings by modulating physiobiochemical attributes

et al. 2022

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“…This suggested that the insecticidal efficacy of the CAP was enhanced by chitosan-based encapsulation. Chitosan and its derivatives (i.e., CMCS) could be used in pesticide delivery, copolymeric concentration, and nanomicellar, which could effectively prevent ecological harm, including the photodegradation of the active ingredients [ 51 ]. In addition, chitosan could give the CAP loaded in microcapsules good solubility and permeation into the insect gut, causing a series of adverse reactions, such as delayed growth and development, decreased adult weight and reproduction rate, and even death [ 49 , 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microencapsulation of Capsaicin in Chitosan Microcapsules: Characterization, Release Behavior, and Pesticidal Properties against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)

Cui

Wang

et al. 2022

Insects

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Capsaicin is a capsaicinoid in hot chili peppers, with excellent antibacterial and antimicrobial activities and a good safety profile, but its poor solubility and instability restrict its effectiveness. This limitation may be mitigated by encapsulation. Herein, capsaicin microcapsules (CCMs) were prepared through layer-by-layer self-assembly, using chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan as shell materials. The chemical and microstructure structural characterization was evaluated by the methods of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The SEM indicated the microcapsules were irregular in shape with an average size of about 100 μm. The encapsulation had a high loading efficiency of 64.31%. FTIR and XRD revealed the absence of the interaction between the core and shell materials and the amorphous nature of the CCMs. The analysis results of the microcapsules’ release behavior showed the burst release of capsaicin in 7 days and a slow progression afterward in three solutions, with the highest release properties in a basic solution, followed by acidic and neutral salt solutions. The entomotoxicity of CCMs was conducted against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), and its efficacy was compared with pure capsaicin. The CCMs were found to be highly effective against this pest. The LC50 value for capsaicin and its microcapsules was 31.37 and 29.75 mg/kg on adults, respectively. According to these values, T. castaneum’s development and reproduction were significantly inhibited compared with the control group. The excellent physicochemical characteristics and insecticidal performance show a high application value for integrated pest control.

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“…Chitosan, a β 1,4-linked glucosamine polymer, is the deacetylated form of chitin obtained from organisms such as fungi, shrimps, and crab (1) . Chitosan has several applications in biomaterials, pharmaceutical drug delivery systems (2) , medical (3) , textile (4) , agricultural and pesticide applications (5) , preservatives (6) , wastewater purification (7) , and dressing materials for wounds (3) . Chitosan has antibacterial activity; therefore, it is used in making gloves, wound bandages, and sterile textiles (5) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction and Characterization of Chitosan from the Shell Wastes of Indian Shrimp Using Different Methods of Deacetylation

Selvaraj¹,

Periyannan²,

Balachandar³

2023

IJST

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Objectives: Shrimps are a good source of chitosan, a deacetylated form of chitin, which has several medical and industrial applications. We aimed to convert waste shrimp shells to high-value chitosan product. Methods: The waste shells of the Indian shrimp, Fenneropeanus indicus were collected from Ukkadam market, Coimbatore, India, and they were subjected to demineralisation, deproteination, and deacetylation under different concentrations of NaOH, at varying temperatures. The derived chitosan was named as LAHT SCS (low alkali high temperature shrimp chitosan), HAHT SCS (high alkali high temperature shrimp chitosan), or HART SCS (high alkali room temperature shrimp chitosan), based on the treatment. Findings: The extracted chitosan samples were evaluated for physical characteristics such as moisture, ash content, and degree of deacetylation (DD). In addition, they were subjected to Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The HAHT SCS sample was completely soluble in 1% acetic acid and the degree of deacetylation (DD) was higher than that of standard chitosan; the crystallinity was 71%. Therefore, the extraction method employing a higher concentration of alkali (60%) and a higher deacetylation temperature (120 • C) for a long duration enhanced the solubility, conferred a higher DD (>70%), a higher crystallinity index (>60%), and less amount of ash content; all these indicate the higher quality of the sample. Among the three samples, HAHT SCS is promising for pharmaceutical and other medical applications. Novelty: The extraction of good quality chitosan from the Indian shrimp wastes was standardized. The chitosan has medicinal and industrial applications. In addition, this would reduce the pollution from improperly discarded shrimp wastes.

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Chitosan in modern agriculture production

Cited by 60 publications

References 131 publications

Nanopriming-mediated memory imprints reduce salt toxicity in wheat seedlings by modulating physiobiochemical attributes

Nanopriming-mediated memory imprints reduce salt toxicity in wheat seedlings by modulating physiobiochemical attributes

Microencapsulation of Capsaicin in Chitosan Microcapsules: Characterization, Release Behavior, and Pesticidal Properties against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)

Extraction and Characterization of Chitosan from the Shell Wastes of Indian Shrimp Using Different Methods of Deacetylation

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