Chitosan Loses Innate Beneficial Properties after Being Dissolved in Acetic Acid: Supported by Detailed Molecular Modeling

Bilican, İsmail; Pekdemir, Sami; Önses, M. Serdar; Akyüz, Lalehan; Altuner, Ergin Murat; Koc-Bilican, Behlül; Zang, Lian‐Sheng; Mujtaba, Muhammad; Mulerčikas, Povilas; Kaya, Murat

doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c06373

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…On the other hand, it provides the basis for further research activities fully unfolding the potential of the chitin and its derivatives isolated from insects. This was already confirmed by researchers applying chitosan obtained from H. illucens pupal exuviae for advanced applications, such as 3D films [73].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Purification of Chitin from Pupal Exuviae of the Black Soldier Fly

Hahn

Tafi

Seggern

et al. 2021

Waste Biomass Valor

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Purpose Chitin purification from remains (pupal exuviae after metamorphosis to adult flies) of Hermetia illucens farming was optimized performing demineralization, deproteinization and bleaching under different conditions. The optimal parameters to obtain high-purity chitin were determined. Methods Dried and ground pupal exuviae, whose composition was initially determined, were demineralized using six different acids. Proteins were removed with a NaOH treatment in which temperature, molarity and duration were varied in a randomized experiment. Bleaching was carried out testing ten different chemicals, including NaOCl, H2O2, solvent mixtures and enzymes. The efficiency of each step was determined to assess the optimal conditions for each of them. The resulting chitin was subjected to spectroscopic characterization. Results The highest demineralization efficiency (90%) was achieved using 0.5 M formic acid for 2 h at 40 °C, confirming the validity of organic acids as a more sustainable alternative to inorganic acids. The treatment with 1.25 M NaOH at 90 °C for 4 h showed the highest deproteinization efficiency, removing 96% of the proteins. Temperature and NaOH concentration were the significant parameters for deproteinization efficiency. The most efficient bleaching treatment was with 6% NaOCl at 60 °C for 1 h (67% efficiency). H2O2 could also be a valid alternative to avoid environmental risk related to chlorine-containing compounds. At the end of the purification process 17% of the original biomass was retained with a chitin content of 85%, corresponding to a chitin yield of 14% related to the initial biomass. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance showed that the purified chitin had a degree of acetylation of 96% and X-ray powder diffraction gave a crystallinity index of 74%. Conclusion This investigation shows an optimized method for extraction of high-purity chitin from H. illucens pupal exuviae, supporting the validity of insect-farming remains as source of this versatile biopolymer. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Purification of Chitin from Pupal Exuviae of the Black Soldier Fly

Hahn

Tafi

Seggern

et al. 2021

Waste Biomass Valor

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“…Then, another 20 ml of acetic acid was added to the solution to dissolve the chitosan completely. Acetic acid as a solvent for chitosan facilitates the composite creation of chitosan with other matrices, such as metal oxide, causing notable alterations in the chitosan polymeric chemistry [28].…”

Section: Preparation Of Chitosan Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient methylene blue dye removal using hybrid ZnO/Co/Cs photocatalyst beads

Ong Kwang Zhean,

Mohd Fadhil Majnis,

Mohd Azam Mohd Adnan

et al. 2024

PROGEE

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This study highlighted the developments of the hybrid photocatalytic system for wastewater treatment in the textile industry. Chitosan (Cs) and cobalt (Co) were introduced into the conventional catalyst zinc oxide (ZnO) to form the hybrid photocatalyst beads. Four different weight ratios of ZnO/Cs (1:1) and ZnO/Co/Cs (1:1:1, 1:2:1 and 2:1:1) beads were synthesized by the sol-gel method. The photocatalytic degradation properties of the hybrid ZnO/Co/Cs were investigated under visible light irradiation for methylene blue (MB) photodegradation. The study focused on the effect of ZnO/Co/Cs composition ratio, irradiation time and the amount of catalyst loading in the photoreactor for five hours of exposure time. The result was that the 1:1:1 ZnO/Co/Cs photocatalyst beads had the highest degradation rate compared to the other systems. Adding Co to the ZnO/Cs photocatalyst improved the photocatalytic activity by increasing the decolourization percentage of methylene blue

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“…[89][90][91][92][93] These unique properties have made this material attract much attention for use in various fields such as medicine, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, or food industry. [94][95][96][97][98] The combination of C-dots and chitosan was the beginning of a new chapter in the synthesis of composites with superior features. Table 2 lists various C-dot/ chitosan nanocomposites along with the C-dot source and application of the corresponding nanocomposite.…”

Section: C-dots/chitosanmentioning

confidence: 99%