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Microorganisms are a significant cause of damage to cultural heritage, including paintings. Currently, the palette of antiseptics that are used in painting has narrowed considerably. This is due to the increased demands placed on such substances. It was shown that low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC) obtained from the king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) exhibits high activity against dominant fungi-destructors of paintings in the State Tretyakov Gallery. Nevertheless, the increasing market demand for chitosan has prompted the exploration of alternative sources. Insects, notably the bioconverter black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), stand out as one of the most cultivated options. This study investigates the effectiveness of chitosan, isolated from H. illucens by a novel method developed by authors, in inhibiting fungi that damage tempera paintings. The activity of 33 and 39 kDa chitosans from H. illucens is comparable to the most active chitosans previously studied from P. camtschaticus. However, there are characteristic differences between these compounds, as shown by the results of FTIR spectroscopy, which may affect their consumer properties when used in paint materials. Our studies suggest that LMWC from H. illucens is a promising material that can expand the range of antiseptics used in painting. Graphical Abstract
Microorganisms are a significant cause of damage to cultural heritage, including paintings. Currently, the palette of antiseptics that are used in painting has narrowed considerably. This is due to the increased demands placed on such substances. It was shown that low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC) obtained from the king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) exhibits high activity against dominant fungi-destructors of paintings in the State Tretyakov Gallery. Nevertheless, the increasing market demand for chitosan has prompted the exploration of alternative sources. Insects, notably the bioconverter black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), stand out as one of the most cultivated options. This study investigates the effectiveness of chitosan, isolated from H. illucens by a novel method developed by authors, in inhibiting fungi that damage tempera paintings. The activity of 33 and 39 kDa chitosans from H. illucens is comparable to the most active chitosans previously studied from P. camtschaticus. However, there are characteristic differences between these compounds, as shown by the results of FTIR spectroscopy, which may affect their consumer properties when used in paint materials. Our studies suggest that LMWC from H. illucens is a promising material that can expand the range of antiseptics used in painting. Graphical Abstract
Collagen is a biodegradable polymer with many beneficial properties, such as high biocompatibility with skin, excellent film-forming ability, antimicrobial and antioxidant actions, etc. It has received increasing attention in various research and practical fields for its potential applications. However, the use of collagen can be problematic due to its high molecular weight, which can be resolved by hydrolysis into smaller polypeptides. Efforts have also been made to find alternative sources of collagen and its hydrolysates. One such promising source is poultry by-products rich in type I collagen, the most important collagen for practical use. This article analyzes the physico-chemical properties of collagen hydrolysates isolated from the superficial soft tissues of chicken paws. The results obtained show that the use of Neutrase yields a hydrolysate that exhibits greater surface activity at the liquid-gas interface, enhanced wetting ability, and better adhesion to hydrophobic surfaces. Therefore, it can be recommended as a multifunctional ingredient for skin care cosmetics. A cream formula with collagen hydrolysate was developed. Cream is characterized as a multiple emulsion with a moisturizing effect.
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