Chitosan nanoparticles induced the antitumor effect in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating ROS-mediated mitochondrial damage and endoplasmic reticulum stress

Abstract

2019) Chitosan nanoparticles induced the antitumor effect in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating ROSmediated mitochondrial damage and endoplasmic reticulum stress, Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 47:1, 747-756, ABSTRACTIn recent years, numerous studies have confirmed the role of chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) as a promising drug delivery carrier for improving the efficiency of anticancer drug in the treatment of cancer. However, the possible biological effects of CS NPs on tumour cells and underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Recently, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cell apoptosis has been implicated in the regulation of cell death. In this study, we found that CS NPs induced the massive generation of ROS and resulted in apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells (SMMC-7721) through activating the mitochondrial pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress. These results suggest an important role of ROS in CS NPs-induced cancer cell death. ARTICLE HISTORY

RETRACTED: Optimized Icariin Phytosomes Exhibit Enhanced Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis-Inducing Activities in Ovarian Cancer Cells

“…This also supports the observed enhanced cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by ICA-phytosomes. Other related reports were observed with chitosan nanoparticles [42]. Increased ROS adds more of an explanation for the observed augmentation of ICA cytotoxicity [59].…”

“…The incubated cells were continuously incubated for another 30 min with 10 µM 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate. After incubation, PBS buffer was used to wash the cells and the fluorescence intensity was measured using 485 nm as the excitation wavelength and 530 nm as the emission wavelength using a microplate reader [42].…”

“…Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) was used to study the extent of the formation of ROS. Conversion of DCFH-DA to fluorescent DCF gives a measure of ROS [42]. Figure 11 demonstrates that ICA-phytosomes-treated cells produced the highest fluorescence (124.8% of control) indicating a higher generation of ROS.…”

Sitagliptin promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in human SH‐SY5Y cells by increasing the expression of PGC‐1α/NRF1/TFAM

“…Proteins were denatured and were subjected to 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gels (SDS‐PAGE) and transferred to a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane (Bio‐Rad Laboratories). After being blocked with nonfat milk for 1 hr at RT, membranes were incubated for 1 hr with primary antibodies at RT and then with the HRP‐conjugated secondary antibody for 1 hr at RT …”

“…After being blocked with nonfat milk for 1 hr at RT, membranes were incubated for 1 hr with primary antibodies at RT and then with the HRP-conjugated secondary antibody for 1 hr at RT. 15…”