Chitosan oligosaccharides attenuate loperamide-induced constipation through regulation of gut microbiota in mice

Zhang, Xiaoyu; Yang, Huabing; Zheng, Junping; Jiang, Nan; Sun, Guangjun; Bao, Xinkun; Lin, Ai Jeng; Liu, Hongtao

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117218

Cited by 77 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…COS has been shown to enrich the relative abundances of several beneficial bacteria at the genus level, such as Bacillus, Faecalibacterium, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Alistipes, whereas it reduced the counts of E. coli. ,− However, it also showed that the ETEC challenge and low-molecular-weight chitosan supplementation had no markedly differences in the Lactobacillus abundance . COS at 200 mg/kg reduced the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the intestine of mice, suggesting that the effect of COS on the abundance of Lactobacillus may be related to factors such as its addition concentration, feeding method, and fed animals …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Chito-oligosaccharides Improve Intestinal Immunity via Regulating Microbiota and Th17/Treg Balance-Related Immune Signaling in Piglets Challenged by Enterotoxigenic E. coli

Meng

et al. 2021

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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This study was conducted to investigate how chito-oligosaccharides (COSs) affect the growth performance and immune stress response and to further explain their mechanisms. A total of 32 boars that were 28 days old and three-way weaned were randomly allotted to four equal groups [CON (basal diet) group, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) group, COS group, and COS*ETEC group]. The results showed that COS partially reversed the negative changes in the average daily gain and average daily feed intake caused by the ETEC challenge and thereby alleviated the increase in the feed conversion ratio. Dietary COS increased the villus length as compared with the CON group and improved the ileal morphological structure. Additionally, it increased the bacterial diversity and Bacteroidetes abundance and lowered the Firmicutes abundance and Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio at the phylum level. COS treatment lowered the abundance of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Anarovovrio in the intestines of piglets, while it increased Muribaculaceae_unclassified and Prevotella at the genus level. COS had a significant inhibitory effect on the increase in the relative expression abundance of STAT3 mRNA caused by ETEC. The IL-10 and FOXP3 mRNAs were found to be significantly lower in the COS, ETEC, and COS*ETEC groups as compared to the CON group. These results demonstrate that COS could be beneficial for improving the growth performance and attenuating ETEC-challenged intestinal inflammation via regulating microbiota and Th17/Treg balance-related immune signaling pathways.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Chito-oligosaccharides Improve Intestinal Immunity via Regulating Microbiota and Th17/Treg Balance-Related Immune Signaling in Piglets Challenged by Enterotoxigenic E. coli

Meng

et al. 2021

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…In a population experiment using the probiotics of Streptococcus thermophilus and L. plantarum, it was found that the abundances of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the intestines increased after the intervention, thereby shortening the transit time of feces in the intestine and increasing the frequency and volume of bowel movements [33]. In addition, prebiotic chitosan oligosaccharides can significantly increase intestinal motility, inhibit intestinal barrier damage and the inflammatory response, and improve the water-electrolyte balance in constipation model mice, thereby increasing the frequency of defecation and the dry-wet weight ratio of feces in mice [34]. They further explored why chitosan oligosaccharides can relieve constipation, and found that it improves the gut microbiome imbalance of constipated mice at the levels of phyla, family, and genus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They further explored why chitosan oligosaccharides can relieve constipation, and found that it improves the gut microbiome imbalance of constipated mice at the levels of phyla, family, and genus. They accomplish this by reducing the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroides [35]; increasing the abundances of Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Faecalibaculus; and decreasing the populations of Bllophila, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae in constipated mice, thereby regulating the metabolism of bile acid and tryptophan [34,36]. Tryptamine produced by the metabolism of tryptophan by gut bacteria can activate G-protein-coupled receptors (5-HT 4 receptors) on colonic epithelial cells, thereby increasing colonic secretion, promoting gastrointestinal transport, and bringing inspiration for the treatment of constipation [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Probiotic Compounds in Relieving Constipation and Their Colonization in Gut Microbiota

Zhu

Chen³

et al. 2022

Molecules

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A number of studies have confirmed the relationship between constipation and gut microbiota. Additionally, many human and animal experiments have identified probiotics as effectors for the relief of constipation symptoms. In this study, probiotic compounds, including Lactobacillus acidophilus LA11-Onlly, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LR22, Limosilactobacillus reuteri LE16, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP-Onlly, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BI516, were administered to mice with loperamide-induced constipation, and the impacts of these strains on constipation-related indicators and gut microbiota were evaluated. The effects of probiotic compounds on constipation relief were associated with various aspects, including gastrointestinal transit rate, number and weight of stools, serum and intestinal gastrointestinal regulatory hormones, and serum cytokines. Some of the probiotic compounds, including Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, were found to colonize the intestinal tract. Furthermore, higher dosages promoted the colonization of specific strains. This study yields a new perspective for the clinical use of probiotics to improve constipation symptoms by combining strains with different mechanisms for the alleviation of constipation.

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“…Our study demonstrated that COS can significantly reduce damage of the intercellular junction of intestinal epithelial cells caused by DSS or E. coli , which is consistent with previous report. By using a pathological model of diabetic animals, Zhang et al (2021) demonstrated that COS can promote the expression of intestinal epithelial intercellular junction protein through the MAPK signaling pathway, thereby improving function of intestinal epithelial barrier ( Zheng et al, 2018b ). Another possible reason may be that COS can promote expression of mucus layer and reduce the amount of DSS or E. coli in contact with intestinal epithelial cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan Oligosaccharides Regulate the Occurrence and Development of Enteritis in a Human Gut-On-a-Chip

Jing

Xia

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Past studies on the protective effects of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) commonly rely on animal models, because traditional cell culture systems couldn’t faithfully mimic human intestinal physiology. Here a novel human gut-on-a-chip microsystem was established to further explore the regulatory effects of COS on the occurrence and development of human enteritis. By constructing an intestinal injury model caused by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) on the chip, this study proved that COS can reduce intestinal epithelial injury by promoting the expression of the mucous layer for the first time. By establishing an inflammatory bowel disease model on the chip caused by E. coli 11775, this study demonstrated that COS can protect the intestinal epithelial barrier and vascular endothelial barrier by inhibiting the adhesion and invasion of E. coli 11775 for the first time. In addition, similar to the results in vivo, COS can decrease the inflammatory response by reducing the expression of toll-like receptor 4 protein and reducing the nuclear DNA binding rate of nuclear factor kappa-B protein on this chip. In summary, COS can be used as a potential drug to treat human IBD and the human gut-on-a-chip would be used as a platform for quick screening drugs to treat human IBD in future.

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Chitosan oligosaccharides attenuate loperamide-induced constipation through regulation of gut microbiota in mice

Cited by 77 publications

References 46 publications

Dietary Chito-oligosaccharides Improve Intestinal Immunity via Regulating Microbiota and Th17/Treg Balance-Related Immune Signaling in Piglets Challenged by Enterotoxigenic E. coli

Dietary Chito-oligosaccharides Improve Intestinal Immunity via Regulating Microbiota and Th17/Treg Balance-Related Immune Signaling in Piglets Challenged by Enterotoxigenic E. coli

Efficacy of Probiotic Compounds in Relieving Constipation and Their Colonization in Gut Microbiota

Chitosan Oligosaccharides Regulate the Occurrence and Development of Enteritis in a Human Gut-On-a-Chip

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