Chitosan production with larval exoskeletons derived from the insect protein production

Hahn, Thomas; Roth, Aileen; Ji, Ruomin; Schmitt, Éric; Zibek, Susanne

doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.12.015

Cited by 63 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Of the organic acids used, oxalic acid, used by Ibitoye et al, 94 resulted in a higher degree of demineralization compared to that reported by Kim et al 110,111 with hydrochloric acid, although a lower concentration of oxalic acid had been used. Demineralization efficiency for the H. illucens larval exoskeleton, reported by Hahn et al, 92 was similar to that obtained by Ibitoye et al, 94 using formic acid. However, additional data on the efficiency of insect demineralization are not available.…”

Section: Chitin Purificationsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…142 In contrast to the frequently used hydrochloric acid, only four investigations have reported the use of organic acids for the demineralization of insect biomass. Ibitoye et al 94 and Song et al 124 used oxalic acid and Badawy and Mohamed 88 and Hahn et al 92 used acetic acid and formic acid, respectively.…”

Section: Chitin Purificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the frame of the homogeneous method, chitin is incubated in a concentrated sodium hydroxide solution at room temperature for a few hours, followed by dissolution in crushed ice at 0°C. 92,139 Heterogeneous conditions result in an irregular distribution of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucosamine units and a blockwise distribution of acetyl groups along the chitosan chain. In contrast, chitosan obtained under homogeneous conditions has a random distribution of acetyl groups along the chain.…”

Section: Conversion Of Chitin Into Chitosanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chitosan yield calculated from the respective chitin dry weight ranged from 60 to 83% (Table 2). Only Hahn et al 92 have performed both heterogeneous and homogeneous deacetylation of the H. illucens larval exoskeleton, obtaining more than double the yield of chitosan with the heterogeneous method compared to the homogeneous method. Yields of chitosan produced from crustaceans with heterogeneous deacetylation varied from 4 to 15% (related to the initial dry biomass).…”

Section: Assessment Of Chitin Conversion Into Chitosanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current state of chitin purification and chitosan production from insects

Hahn

Tafi

Paul

et al. 2020

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

Self Cite

231

113

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Chitin, and especially its deacetylated variant chitosan, has many applications, e.g. as carrier material for pharmaceutical drugs or as a flocculant in wastewater treatment. Despite its versatility and accessibility, chitin, the second most abundant polysaccharide on Earth, has so far been commercially extracted only from crustaceans and to a minor extent from fungi. Insects are a viable alternative source of chitin, but they have not been exploited in the past due to limited availability. Today however, for the sustainable production of animal feed, insect farming is being developed substantially. The availability of large quantities of insect biomass and chitin-rich side products such as exuviae and exoskeletons has been increasing. This review provides an overview of recently published studies of chitin extraction from insects, its subsequent conversion into chitosan and the primary analytical methods used to characterize insect-based chitin and chitosan. We have discovered a large number of research articles published over the past 20 years, confirming the increased attention being received by chitin and chitosan production from insects. Despite numerous publications, we identified several knowledge gaps, such as a lack of data concerning chitin purification degree and chitosan yield. Furthermore, analytical methods used to obtain physicochemical characteristics, structural information and chemical composition meet basic qualitative requirements but do not satisfy the need for a more quantitative evaluation. Despite the current shortcomings that need to be overcome, this review presents encouraging data on the use of insects as an alternative source of chitin and chitosan in the future.

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Section: Chitin Purificationsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Chitin Purificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conversion Of Chitin Into Chitosanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessment Of Chitin Conversion Into Chitosanmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Current state of chitin purification and chitosan production from insects

Hahn

Tafi

Paul

et al. 2020

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

Self Cite

231

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Industrial chemical methods that are used on crustaceans, namely, demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation, have been investigated to optimize the process to isolate and purify chitin from BSFL and convert it into its more usable derivative, chitosan. Chitosan yields from BSFL were found to be lower than that of crustaceans making it less economically viable until a stage where the process can be improved to obtain a higher yield (Hahn, Roth, Ji, Schmitt, & Zibek, 2020). Alternative methods such as enzymatic hydrolysis using proteases can be used as a more sustainable method for obtaining chitin from BSFL.…”

Section: Chitin Fractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why for feed and not for human consumption? The black soldier fly larvae

Bessa

Pieterse

Marais

et al. 2020

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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With the surge in consumption of insects, the search continues to find ways to increase the popularity of insect‐based products in the Western world. The black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), which is mainly utilized for animal feed, has great potential to provide a sustainable source of nutrients for human food. This review aims to discuss some of the key benefits and challenges of BSFL and their potential role as a food ingredient and/or product for human consumption. Few articles specifically discuss BSFL as a food source, therefore a comprehensive literature search strategy consisted of collecting and evaluating published data about BSFL as animal feed that could be relevant to its use in food. The hurdles that need to be overcome in order to introduce BSFL as a viable food option include safety concerns, technofunctional properties, nutritional aspects, consumer attitudes, and product applications for BSFL.

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Comprehensive characterization and evaluation of the process chain and products from Euphausia superba exocuticles to chitosan

Hahn,

Egger,

Krake

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is a source for compounds of high nutritive value. Within that process of extraction, exocuticles (shells) accumulate which are currently disposed. A valorization of the compounds of the exocuticle such as chitosan would be beneficial to avoid waste and to obtain a versatile polymer at the same time. In contrast to previous investigations focusing on chitosan production from whole krill, we applied and optimized process stages of the chitosan production from the exocuticles, performing a comprehensive analytical evaluation of the whole process, the side streams and the products for the first time. Degreasing was the first step resulting in a krill oil yield of 6.2% using ethanol. The fatty acid profile exhibited high contents of phospholipids (21.2%). Citric acid offered a demineralization efficiency of 93%. Deproteinization investigation revealed 2 M NaOH and 90°C for 2.5 h to be the best parameters, resulting in a deproteinization efficiency of 99.9% and a chitin content of 92.8%. The spectroscopic investigation indicated that the chitin has a crystallinity index of 76% and an acetylation degree of 88%. The deacetylation degrees of the resulting chitosans is determined to be 74%–88%, the molecular weight ranges from 102 to 126 kDa.

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Chitosan production with larval exoskeletons derived from the insect protein production

Cited by 63 publications

References 28 publications

Current state of chitin purification and chitosan production from insects

Current state of chitin purification and chitosan production from insects

Why for feed and not for human consumption? The black soldier fly larvae

Comprehensive characterization and evaluation of the process chain and products from Euphausia superba exocuticles to chitosan

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