Chitosan—PRP nanosphere as a growth factors slow releasing device with superior antibacterial capability

Abstract

A new way to administer platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to improve its viability in more complex and chronic wound healing and soft/hard tissue regeneration in alveolar ridge preservation is demanded. In this study, PRP was encapsulated in chitosan to form a nanosphere with size below 100 nm with an idea to prolong PRP's growth factors release. Chitosan nanosphere was prepared by ionic gelation method, while PRP was encapsulated by inclusion method. Morphology analysis by transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed that PRP was encapsulated efficiently in the chitosan matrix, making a spherical shape with size of 30-80 nm. Particle size analysis by dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) method further showed that the average size of chitosan-PRP nanosphere was 51.27±33.75 nm, which is a good indication for biomaterials used in body. The stability of the nanoparticle colloid was confirmed with zeta potential score of 50.42 mV. 200 μl encapsulation of PRP in chitosan nanosphere had the highest encapsulation efficiency, that was further used in total protein release analysis in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution. It started with initial burst at 7 h, followed by steady release, then 'quasi-plateau' after 96 h (at around 60%), dominated by Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics model and Fick's diffusion mechanism. Finally, the nanosphere showed an excellent antibacterial activity against S. mutans as shown from 90.63% bacteria inhibition during assay. The results showed that chitosan-PRP nanosphere could be used as a novel approach for complex/ chronic wound healing and soft/hard tissue regeneration following periodontitis treatment or tooth extraction that needs prolonged growth factor release.

Enhanced bone regeneration capability of chitosan sponge coated with TiO2 nanoparticles

“…In terms of oral tissues, chitosan has been proven to be able to act as a supporting matrix for regeneration of several soft oral tissues [[22], [23], [24], [25], [26]]. However, chitosan alone as a scaffold for regeneration has a limited function for bone formation [27].…”

Nanochitosan antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans dual-species biofilms

“…Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation with tripolyphosphate (TPP) crosslinking as described previously [25], with slight modifications. Then, transmission electron microscopy (JEM-2100 TEM, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan) was used to characterize the average particle size and morphology of the chitosan nanoparticles.…”

The effect of coating chitosan on Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm formation in the surface of orthodontic mini-implant

“…This phenomenon may happen because the antibacterial properties of chitosan are bacteriostatic by destabilizing the cell membrane without killing bacteria. [ 32 33 34 ] Thus, the number of P. gingivalis colonies formed on the implant surface does not necessarily decrease because what happens is only a decrease in the bacteria's virulence only. [ 35 ]…”