Chitosan–Sodium Caseinate Composite Edible Film Incorporated with Probiotic Limosilactobacillus fermentum: Physical Properties, Viability, and Antibacterial Properties

Abstract

Single-use synthetic plastics that are used as food packaging is one of the major contributors to environmental pollution. Hence, this study aimed to develop a biodegradable edible film incorporated with Limosilactobacillus fermentum. Investigation of the physical and mechanical properties of chitosan (CS), sodium caseinate (NaCas), and chitosan/sodium caseinate (CS/NaCas) composite films allowed us to determine that CS/NaCas composite films displayed higher opacity (7.40 A/mm), lower water solubility (27.6%), and higher Young’s modulus (0.27 MPa) compared with pure CS and NaCas films. Therefore, Lb. fermentum bacteria were only incorporated in CS/NaCas composite films. Comparison of the physical and mechanical properties of CS/NaCas composite films incorporated with bacteria with those of control CS/NaCas composite films allowed us to observe that they were not affected by the addition of probiotics, except for the flexibility of films, which was improved. The Lb. fermentum incorporated composite films had a 0.11 mm thickness, 17.9% moisture content, 30.8% water solubility, 8.69 A/mm opacity, 25 MPa tensile strength, and 88.80% elongation at break. The viability of Lb. fermentum after drying the films and the antibacterial properties of films against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 were also evaluated after the addition of Lb. fermentum in the composite films. Dried Lb. fermentum composite films with 6.65 log10 CFU/g showed an inhibitory effect against E. coli and S. aureus (0.67 mm and 0.80 mm inhibition zone diameters, respectively). This shows that the Lb.-fermentum-incorporated CS/NaCas composite film is a potential bioactive packaging material for perishable food product preservation.

Development of carboxymethyl cellulose–chitosan based antibacterial films incorporating a Persicaria minor Huds. essential oil nanoemulsion

“…essential oil into composite film had no significant effect on water solubility (Table 3). This finding is supported by Wai et al 54 where the solubility of the composite film is affected by the polymer matrix, however it is not affected by the addition of the active ingredient.…”

“…This packaging may protect the colour, flavour, and nutrients of light-sensitive food products against photo-oxidation. 54…”

“…Both tensile strength and elongation at break values of the films are considered acceptable as they conform to the Japanese Industry Standard with a minimum of 3.92 mPa for tensile strength and good elongation at break within the range of 10–50%. 54…”

“…Both tensile strength and elongation at break values of the lms are considered acceptable as they conform to the Japanese Industry Standard with a minimum of 3.92 mPa for tensile strength and good elongation at break within the range of 10-50%. 54 There was also no signicant difference found between the different concentrations of nanoemulsied P. minor Huds. essential oil in the CMC-CS based lm.…”

Hepatitis E Inhibited by Rosmarinic Acid Extract from Clove Plant (Syzygium Aromaricum) through Computational Analysis

“…This information can serve as important guidance in the design and optimization of potential compounds for Hepatitis E drug development. 29,43 Furthermore, this research can be compared to previous studies in the context of therapy development. Many previous studies have focused on in vitro or in vivo testing, while this research employs computational approaches to identify the potential of inhibitors without the need for complex laboratory testing.…”