Chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles: Optimization of formulation parameters for improving process yield at a novel pH using artificial neural networks

Overcoming multidrug resistance through inhalable siRNA nanoparticles-decorated porous microparticles based on supercritical fluid technology

“…The high loading efficiency of the gene is attributed to not only the electrostatic interactions between negatively charged siRNA and positively charged CS but also physical entrapment upon the ionic crosslinking induced by TPP. 52 As compared to the zeta potential value of CS nanoparticles (34.6 mV) obtained by DLS measurements, the decrease in zeta potential after siRNA loading demonstrates the successful formation of siRNA-CS nanoparticles (21.3 mV) ( Figure 3B). 53 Thus, these CS nanoparticulate forms act as an efficient carrier of genes.…”

Chitosan-based nanoparticles for improved anticancer efficacy and bioavailability of mifepristone

“…Ethanol and Tween-80 (1:1 v/v) were used as the organic solvent and detergent, respectively, for MIF because of their low toxic potential and emulsifying activity for dissolution of the hydrophobic components. In the preparation process, it was reported that several factors such as Cs concentration, TPP concentration, Cs/TPP mass ratio could have an influence on particle size, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and drug loading capacity (DL) of the nanoparticles [23,26]. In order to select optimum conditions for preparation of MCNs, the effects of Cs concentration, TPP concentration, and Cs/MIF mass ratio on the EE and DL of nanoparticles were investigated [25].…”

“…Chitosan-bearing protonated amino groups could interact with a wide variety of natural or synthetic anionic species, such as negatively charged proteins, DNA [15–19], and some synthetic basic polymers such as sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) [20–21] to form ionic complexes. This ionic gelation method to prepare Cs/TPP nanoparticles (CNs) with the advantages of simple operation, low equipment requirements, low cost, good repeatability, environmentally friendly, and easy large-scale preparation, has been extensively studied for obtaining nanocarrier systems with a good capacity of drug encapsulation and an adjustable drug release rate [22–23]. …”

Evaluation of the mucoadhesive properties of chitosan nanoparticles prepared using different chitosan to tripolyphosphate (CS:TPP) ratios

“…Chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) have been of particular interest in the pharmaceutical industry, for use in drug delivery systems especially in those, which target specific delivery sites as they demonstrate mucoadhesive characteristics. Amongst the different methods developed for the preparation of nanoparticles, ionotropic gelation with TPP is perhaps the simplest process and it can be easily optimised [3][4][5][6][7] to produce nanoparticles of the required particle size and charge such that the nanoparticles and any encapsulated drugs could penetrate the epithelial membrane [8] or interact with mucin in a controlled manner.…”

“…Moreover, the mucoadhesiveness was then evaluated by measuring the mucin binding efficiency. It is therefore our hypothesis that by preparing CS:TPP nanoparticles of controlled viscosity, size and charge [3][4][5][6][7] it will be possible to determine whether a minimum CS:TPP ratio or net charge is required for mucoadhesion and from this gain a greater understanding of the mucoadhesive process. This will provide important information which would be in essential in designing tuneable mucoadhesive systems for specific applications, where for example, the degree of mucin binding should be controlled.…”