Chivalry Revisited

Romain, Danielle M.; Freiburger, Tina L.

doi:10.1177/1557085115580389

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(154 reference statements)

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“…Meanwhile, a body of empirical criminology research has examined differential sentencing and court decisions by perpetrator race and gender (Crew 1991;Romain and Freiburger 2016) and considered both victim and perpetrator race and gender (Franklin and Fearn 2008). The effects of race and gender on sentencing are mixed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protecting Our (White) Daughters: U.S. Immigration and Benevolent Sexism

Smilan-Goldstein

2023

Pol & Gen

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To advocate for restrictive immigration policies, conservative U.S. politicians have advanced a narrative that Latino immigrants commit violent crimes against White women. This framing of immigrant threat builds on a long history of similar anti-Black discourse and activates racialized ideas about protecting femininity. I demonstrate how the identities of purported victims of immigrant crime connect attitudes about immigration with benevolent sexism—a superficially positive, protective attitude toward particular types of women. An original survey experiment shows that benevolent sexism is activated when victims of immigrant crime are White women. Using nationally representative survey data, I show that the benevolent face of sexism has a notable impact on the immigration attitudes of White Americans, particularly when it comes to the protectionist policy of policing of the U.S.-Mexico border.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protecting Our (White) Daughters: U.S. Immigration and Benevolent Sexism

Smilan-Goldstein

2023

Pol & Gen

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“…155 Higher penalties imposed on mothers seem to depend on the type of crime committed, in terms of violating or not the social gender roles; courts perceive these kinds of behaviours as a risk for their children and dependents. 156 Crime is considered as double-gender deviance: although some studies have revealed better treatment for female offenders in serious crimes, not relating to female criminality, it is also true that in specific crimes, a tougher treatment for female offenders has been witnessed, for example domestic crimes with a woman as victim, 157 partner violence with a man as the victim 158 and violent sexual crimes. Regarding the last, an emotional perspective has been found in the facts narrative when compared to the same crimes committed by men, promoting the idea of the women as a villain and unfeminine.…”

Section: Gender Differences In Sentencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Perspective of Victimization, Crime and Penal Policy

Cruz

Lukić

Strand

2023

Gender-Competent Legal Education

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This chapter examines three criminological perspectives through a gender lens. The first part is dedicated to crime and gender. This chapter presents official data of reported and convicted persons in European countries, discussing crime trends and the different involvement of sexes in certain criminal offences. Further, this chapter points to possible differences in the ethology of crime from a gender perspective at three levels: individual; family, and social. The second section deals with gender and criminal victimization, with special attention dedicated to issues of domestic violence and sexual crimes. The third section of this chapter analyses the penal policy of the courts. Data is presented on sentencing practices in European countries, with an emphasis on certain criminal offences. Besides data on imprisonment, attention is paid to other penal sanctions. This section of the text further explains possible factors related to the different sentencing of women and men. They are divided into two categories: the first is those mainly related to socio-economic characteristics and crime committed; the second is those that reflect courts as gender institutions. Finally, this chapter gives explanations of different treatments of trans offenders in the criminal justice system.

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“…Secondly, the court punishes male offenders who victimize females severely (see Curry et al, 2004). Female defendants with male victims are more likely to have their cases dismissed (Romain & Freiburger, 2016).…”

Section: The Evil Women Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, while Nagel & Hagan's (1983) review found that female offenders benefited from chivalry from the United States courts, the such benefit was restricted to less serious offenses as the same courts punished women more severely for serious offenses, which supports the evil women hypothesis. Romain & Freiburger (2016) found that the court was likely to dismiss felony cases involving women compared to other cases. In all three jurisdictions (Miami, Chicago, and Kansas City) studied by Spohn and Beichner (2000), they found that the seriousness of offenses, and prior criminal history of the female offenders influenced sentencing decisions significantly, that is, to incarcerate and punish more severely.…”

Section: The Evil Women Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobs who Stripped Female Robbers but Failed to Strip the Male Robbers: The “Evil Women Hypothesis” on Nigerian Streets

Agazue

2023

Int. J. Criminol. Sociol.

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Academic reports on the “evil women” hypothesis have focused mainly on the actions of criminal justice authorities (CJA). However, actions based on this hypothesis equally extend to ordinary members of the public. Vigilante justice on suspected criminals by mobs is a regular occurrence in Nigeria. Thus, the current article drew on vigilante justice on robbers to examine the notion of the evil women hypothesis from the perspective of mobs. Three robbery incidents in three different Nigerian cities involving robbers impersonating taxi operators known as “one-chance” robbers, were analyzed. In all the three incidents, the one-chance robbers comprising both men and women were caught by mobs. In all of them, the mobs stripped the female robbers naked in public whilst their male gang members were allowed to wear their clothes. The actions of the mob conformed to those of CJA with respect to the evil women hypothesis whereby female offenders are punished more severely than their male counterparts due to the idea that the former have crossed the morality boundary to commit a serious offense that goes against the gender-role expectations.

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Chivalry Revisited

Cited by 21 publications

References 90 publications

Protecting Our (White) Daughters: U.S. Immigration and Benevolent Sexism

Protecting Our (White) Daughters: U.S. Immigration and Benevolent Sexism

Gender Perspective of Victimization, Crime and Penal Policy

Mobs who Stripped Female Robbers but Failed to Strip the Male Robbers: The “Evil Women Hypothesis” on Nigerian Streets

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