Chlamydial infection among patients attending STD and genitourinary clinics in Taiwan

Chen, Kow-Tong; Chen, Shou-Chien; Chiang, Chien-Chou; Li, Lanhui; Tang, Li-Hui

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-7-120

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Although the majority of our participants were married and had a single lifetime partner, live in rural areas and did not engage in pre-marital sex, i.e. all low-risk factors for STIs, this finding is comparable with the study done in Nigeria (18.2%) [11], Taiwan (18.4%) [12], Gaza, Palestine (20.2%) [13]and the Solomon Islands (20.3%) [14]. Itis possible that the prevalence of CT infection reported in our study represents a true picture of the disease since the reported condom usage was very low, which may suggest further investigation of other risk behaviors like non-monogamous spouses [15].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Genital Chlamydia trachomatis Infection among Women of Reproductive Age Attending the Gynecology Clinic of Hawassa University Referral Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

et al. 2016

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BackgroundUrogenital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis(CT) is one of the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) world-wide, especially in developing nations where routine laboratory diagnosis is unavailable. Little is known about the epidemiology of this infection in Ethiopia where other STIs are prevalent. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated factors of CT infection among women of reproductive age.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 322 consecutive women aged between 15–49 years at Hawassa University Referral Hospital from November 2014 to April 2015. Data on socio-demography and potential risk factors for genital infection were collected using structured questionnaires. Moreover, endocervical swabs were collected from all participants, screened for CT antigen using rapid immunochromatography assay, and cultured following the standard bacteriological method to isolate Neisseria gonorrhoeae.ResultIn this study, the overall prevalence of CT antigen and N. gonorrhoeae infection was 61(18.9%) and 1(0.31%), respectively. Women aged 15–24 years had the highest prevalence of CT infection (24.2%), followed by those aged 25–34 years (16.8%) and those aged 35–49 years (9.6%). CTinfection was associated with women who had unprotected sex within the last six months (aOR = 3.459; 95% CI = 1.459–8.222) and were sexually active for 6–10 years (aOR = 3.076; 95% CI = 1.152–8.209). None of the clinical symptoms and diagnoses was significantly associated with CT antigen positivity.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of genital CT infection in this study highlights the need for further large-scale studies on the general population. Thus, screening of women regardless of their symptoms should be in place.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Genital Chlamydia trachomatis Infection among Women of Reproductive Age Attending the Gynecology Clinic of Hawassa University Referral Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

et al. 2016

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“…Fenton et al using data from the National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (NATSAL 2000) identified non-married status, age and partner concurrency or two or more sexual partners in the past year as independent risk factors for infection with C. trachomatis 10. Other studies also identified young age and multiple partners as significant risk factors for chlamydial infection 11–13. Unprotected sex and presence of genital symptoms were significant in some studies but not in others 14 15.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for chlamydial infection in chlamydia contacts: a questionnaire-based study

Schembri

Schober

2011

J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care

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Background and methodology Treatment of individuals with chlamydial infection and their sexual partners is an important aspect of reproductive health care. Partners of infected individuals are currently offered 'epidemiological treatment', which means that they are offered antibiotic treatment at their fi rst visit without waiting for the result of their chlamydia test. We carried out a study to identify the risk factors for chlamydial infection in partners of infected individuals. Individuals attending a genitourinary clinic as chlamydia contacts were identifi ed and asked to complete a questionnaire about their relationship with the index case and their prior sexual history. The result of their chlamydia test was then analysed against those variables. Results A total of 115 chlamydia contacts were analysed in this study; 60 (52%) were found to be positive for chlamydial infection. In a multivariate analysis, young age, more than one episode of sexual intercourse with the infected partner and a greater total number of sexual partners were associated with a positive chlamydia result. A prediction model for chlamydial infection using these risk factors had a discriminatory ability quantifi ed by an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.76 (95% CI 0.66-0.85). Discussion and conclusions The risk factors identifi ed can be used when discussing epidemiological treatment with individuals who attend sexual health services as chlamydia contacts, or to target clinic resources to a higherrisk group. Larger studies will be necessary to assess the benefi ts and risks of changing to a policy of offering epidemiologic treatment to 'high-risk' contacts only, identifi ed using a predictive model such as the one described here.

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“…They obtained a sensitivity of 92.8% and a specificity of 99.7% for cervical samples; the sensitivity was reduced to 85.5% for urine samples and the specificity was 99.5%. Shrier et al [18] evaluated 126 patients using various methods, including culture techniques, PCR and LCR, examining urethral secretions (culture and PCR), as well as vaginal (PCR), endocervical (culture, PCR and LCR) and urine samples (PCR and LCR). They found a prevalence of 22% Chlamydia trachomatis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlamydia infection in patients with and without cervical intra-epithelial lesions tested by real-time PCR vs. direct immunofluorescence

Oliveira¹,

Amorim²,

Souza³

et al. 2008

Braz J Infect Dis

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This study compares the detection rates of Chlamydia trachomatis by two techniques, direct immunofluorescence (IMF) and real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in patients with and without intra-epithelial cervical lesions (SIL) in Recife. We conducted a transversal study involving 35 women with SIL and 35 without SIL attended at Ambulatório Especializado da Mulher, Recife, Brazil. They were tested for Chlamydia trachomatis using two techniques, direct IMF or real time PCR. The rates of Chlamydia trachomatis detection were compared and the association with intra-epithelial cervical lesions was determined using the chi-square test at a 5% level of significance. Concordance between the tests was evaluated using kappa. The global prevalence of Chlamydia infection was 47.1% by direct IMF and 58.6% by real time PCR. A significant association was observed between Chlamydia diagnosis and presence of intra-epithelial cervical lesions, with about 80% positive results by direct IMF and 77.1% by real time PCR. However, the detected rate of infection with Chlamydia trachomatis was significantly greater in patients without intra-epithelial cervical lesions tested by real time PCR (40%) when compared to direct IMF (14.3%). The concordance between the tests was weak, with a kappa coefficient of 0.4. Both real time PCR and direct IMF detected elevated rates of Chlamydia infection in patients with intra-epithelial cervical lesions (80%) but the tests were discordant when patients without cervical lesions were tested, possibly because sensitivity of real time PCR is greater.

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Chlamydial infection among patients attending STD and genitourinary clinics in Taiwan

Abstract: Background: The main objective of this study is to examine the epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection amongst patients (473 men, 180 women) seen two hospitals in Taiwan.

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

Genital Chlamydia trachomatis Infection among Women of Reproductive Age Attending the Gynecology Clinic of Hawassa University Referral Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

Genital Chlamydia trachomatis Infection among Women of Reproductive Age Attending the Gynecology Clinic of Hawassa University Referral Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

Risk factors for chlamydial infection in chlamydia contacts: a questionnaire-based study

Chlamydia infection in patients with and without cervical intra-epithelial lesions tested by real-time PCR vs. direct immunofluorescence

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