Chlamydiosis in a Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis)

Abstract

A red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) with signs of respiratory distress and diarrhea was captured in the Manchac Wildlife Management Area, Louisiana (USA) and died the following day. At necropsy, the carcass was emaciated and there were splenomegaly, and fibrinous pericarditis, airsacculitis, and perihepatitis. Microscopically, there were fibrinous pericarditis and airsacculitis, myocardial necrosis, necrotizing hepatitis, splenic necrosis with reticuloendothelial cell hyperplasia, interstitial pneumonia and focal pancreatic necrosis. Intracytoplasmic chlamydial inclusion bodies were noticed in macrophages in the fibrinous exudate covering air sac and pericardium, and in spleen, liver, heart, lung, and pancreas. Schizonts compatible with a Sarcocystis sp.-like protozoon were present in the walls of air capillaries in the lung. A Chlamydia sp.-like organism was isolated in embryonating chicken eggs and cell culture and identified as C. psittaci with immunofluorescent staining.

Acute pancreatitis in parrots

“…Although the bird stopped feather picking, the amylase remained elevated for greater than 1 month, eventually declining to 900 U/L by 6 weeks after presentation. During Clinical virus, 11,12 avian influenza A, 13,14 infectious bronchitis, 15 and herpesvirus 16 ), Chlamydophila infection, 17 bacterial infection, 5 egg yolk peritonitis, 1,3 and neoplasia. 1,3,5,[18][19][20] The birds described in the case reports above were on high fat diets and two of the birds (Case Reports 1 & 2) had been overweight prior to, or at the time of, the onset of clinical signs.…”

Isolates of Sarcocystis falcatula-like Organisms from South American Opossums Didelphis marsupialis and Didelphis albiventris from Sao Paulo, Brazil

“…Several outbreaks of acute pulmonary sarcocystosis have been observed among species of Psittaciformes and Passeriformes from zoos in North America (Jacobson et al, 1984;Clubb et al, 1986;Smith, Craig et al, 1990;Hillyer et al, 1991;Clubb and Frenkel, 1992;Mirandé et al, 1992;Page et al, 1992;Dubey, Garner et al, 2001). Experimentally, feeding even a few sporocysts can be lethal to certain avian species (Box and Smith, 1982;Dubey, 2000).…”

<b>Caracterização molecular de isolados de <i>Sarcocystis </i>spp. obtidos de marsupiais do gênero <i>Didelphis</i> spp. pela análise de gene mitocondrial, gene de apicoplasto, espaçador interno transcrito (<i>ITS-1</i>) e genes codificadores de antígenos de superfície (<i>SAGs</i>)</b>

“…Assim, não são raros os relatos de surtos de sarcocistose pulmonar aguda em animais de parques zoológicos (JACOBSON et al, 1984;CLUBB et al, 1986;SMITH et al, 1990;HILLYER et al, 1991;FRENKEL, 1992;MIRANDÉ;HOWERTH;POSTON, 1992;PAGE et al, 1992;DUBEY et al, 2001f).…”

“…Como o S. falcatula pode causar doença em uma ampla diversidade de aves, entre passeriformes, columbiformes e psitacciformes, não são raros os relatos de surtos de sarcocistose pulmonar aguda em animais de parques zoológicos (JACOBSON et al, 1984;CLUBB et al, 1986;SMITH et al, 1990;HILLYER et al, 1991;FRENKEL, 1992;MIRANDÉ;HOWERTH;POSTON, 1992;PAGE et al, 1992;DUBEY et al, 2001f A respeito de sua distribuição geográfica, registros de simpatria são raros e incomuns (CERQUEIRA, 1985;GARDNER, 2007). Porém a sobreposição geográfica parece ocorrer em áreas antropizadas (VAREJÃO;VALLE, 1982;GARDNER, 2007 …”

“…Sarcocystis falcatula pode causar doença em uma ampla diversidade de aves, entre passeriformes, columbiformes e psitacciformes. São comuns os relatos de surtos de sarcocistose pulmonar aguda em animais de parques zoológicos (JACOBSON et al,1984;CLUBB et al, 1986;SMITH et al, 1990;HILLYER et al, 1991;FRENKEL, 1992;MIRANDÉ;HOWERTH;POSTON, 1992;PAGE et al, 1992;SPEER, 2001 presumivelmente acontecem em 3, 2 e uma amostra, respectivamente.…”