Chloasma and the "Pill".

Carruthers, Ronald

doi:10.1136/bmj.3.5560.307-a

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…There is marked regional variation in the reported incidence of chloasma, it being particularly frequent in sunny climates (Jelinek, 1970;Koide and Lyle, 1975;Carruthers, 1966Carruthers, , 1967. Its incidence increases with duration of OC use (Carruthers, 1966).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Malignant melanoma and oral contraceptive use among women in California

Beral¹,

Ramcharan²,

Faris³

1977

Br J Cancer

141

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Summary.-Women who had used oral contraceptives, particularly long-term users, were found to have higher rates of malignant melanoma and of a past history of skin cancer than those who had never used oral contraceptives. This excess was confined to lesions of the lower limb. The association between oral contraceptive use and melanoma was noted in 3 separate sets of data, although it was statistically significant only in one. The possibility that this relationship is indirect because, for example, oral contraceptive users are more likely than never-users to be exposed to sunlight and thus to develop malignant melanoma, cannot be excluded.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Malignant melanoma and oral contraceptive use among women in California

Beral¹,

Ramcharan²,

Faris³

1977

Br J Cancer

141

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“…From there, they evolved into the parietal and visceral layers of the mesoblast with outgrowing sympathetic nerves. In 1929, Dr. Gupta used the term “melanoderma” to describe a butterfly distribution of facial pigmentation with varying intensity 7,8 …”

Section: History Of Melasma: Diagnosis Pathogenesis and Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was a mystery as to whether the progesterone or estrogen was causing the skin condition. It was understood that estrogen alone could cause melasma, in men as well as women, but there were no instances of chloasma being caused by “progestogen” in the absence of “estrogen.” 8 Dr. D.B.E Quamina believed that the progestogen acted on the estrogen‐primed melanocytes. Furthermore, he believed that chloasma was caused by sunlight exposure and that chloasma‐prone patients taking anovulants for a prolonged period or at a high dose were at an increased risk.…”

Section: History Of Melasma: Diagnosis Pathogenesis and Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The history of melasma: Its roots and evolution

Syder

Elbuluk

2022

Dermatological Reviews

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Melanosis or "black degeneration" was the first term used to describe a diseased state involving darkening of visceral structures. In 1910, melanosis localized to the skin was described and years subsequent to that the term chloasma was coined to describe dark facial pigmentation. Melasma and chloasma were used interchangeably for many years until melasma became the more widely used term to describe dark facial pigmentation in a butterfly distribution. For decades, there have been various theories regarding the etiology of melasma. In the 1930s, it was theorized to have been caused by perfume application to the upper cutaneous lip and was associated with vitamin C deficiency. It was thought to only occur in women until cases arose of in men around 1988. It was also thought to occur exclusively in white skin until studies in the early 1960s found the incidence of chloasma to be as high as 34% among Puerto Rican women taking contraceptives. It was not until 1963 that a study found an association between melasma and oral contraceptive use, tying the cause of the pigmentation to underlying hormonal exposure. To date, there has been a significant increase in the understanding of the pathogenesis of melasma as well as treatment options to keep it in remission, though no cure exists at this time. The purpose of this study is to provide a historical overview of the evolution of melasma as a clinical condition as well as an understanding of its pathogenesis and treatment options.

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“…Les premiers rapports concernant le chloasma uterinum (ou mélasma) induit par les contraceptifs oraux ont été le fait de Esoda [4], Carruthers [3], Oritz [7], Resnik [9], mais depuis la généralisation de la contraception en Europe, nombreux sont les rapports mentionnant cet effet secondaire. D'une façon générale, cette pigmentation particulière atteint 5-8% des personnes prenant régulièrement un contraceptif oral.…”

unclassified

La tétine du cobaye utilisée comme modèle dans l’étude du chloasma (mélasma)

Brun¹,

Laugier²

1979

Dermatology

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The nipples of male tan guinea pigs were used to test the effects on the skin of oral contraceptive pills and drugs. The daily topically applied doses were 1/2,000 of a pill. After 3 weeks, the nipples treated with solutions of ethinyloestradiol-containing pills had grown (200–300%), the epidermis showed acanthosis (150–250%) and strong hyperpigmentation. Mestranol-containing pills as well as pure progestogen substances did not produce these effects.

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Chloasma and the "Pill".

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Malignant melanoma and oral contraceptive use among women in California

Malignant melanoma and oral contraceptive use among women in California

The history of melasma: Its roots and evolution

La tétine du cobaye utilisée comme modèle dans l’étude du chloasma (mélasma)

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